Translation: Huang Xueqin and Wang Jianbing Inciting Subversion Judgment

 On July 7, the "@FreeXueBing" Twitter account posted a link to the court judgment in the inciting subversion case of Huang Xueqin (黄雪琴) and Wang Jianbing (王建兵). While PRC domestic media did not report on the judgment, foreign media covered it extensively:

• Guilty Verdict for Chinese Activists Who Gave #MeToo Victims a Voice, New York Times
• Chinese #MeToo journalist, activist jailed in crackdown on civil society, Washington Post
• Chinese #MeToo journalist Sophia Huang Xueqin and labour activist Wang Jianbing jailed, Australian Broadcasting Corporation

The reason for the PRC media's silence can be attributed to the fact that the PRC government suppresses discussion of the Metoo movement, as evidenced by this screenshot taken on June 23, 2024, several days Huang and Wang were convicted of inciting subversion, showing Sina Weibo was censoring the "metoo" hashtag.

The PRC government's position on Metoo and Huang Xueqin is reflected in this editorial published in the English edition of the Communist Party sponsored Global Times titled "West's undisguised intention of using MeToo movement to create antagonism in China":

The #MeToo movement is closely linked to foreign forces, and is also taken advantage of by some anti-China groups or figures. For example, Huang Xueqin, the "#MeToo activist, women's rights activist and independent journalist in China" - as introduced on her Wikipedia page - initiated a survey on Chinese women journalists' experience on sexual harassment in 2017. 

A full translation of the court judgment, along with an OCR'd version of the document posted online, is included below.  

Some observations on the judgment itself:

• There are a lot of black-bar redactions in the judgment, and it is not clear if they were done by the court, the people who posted the judgment, or both. Given that there are places in the judgment where the court adopted its standard obfuscation methods (e.g., "某" and "*"), it seems reasonable to assume the black-bar redactions were done by the people who posted the judgment.
• There is nothing in the judgment that could deemed "analysis," legal or otherwise. Instead, the judgment consists mostly of long recitations of "evidence" that what Huang and Wang said incited people to subversion, but with no examples of what they actually said. The following is typical of how the judgment offers vague characterizations (in this case, coming from a witness) of how what Huang and Wang said that fell outside the boundaries of "free speech" under Article 35 of the Constitution:

The class criticized China's problems, stimulated domestic young people's dissatisfaction with the State system, instilled in the participants theories and methods of subverting the State regime to ultimately achieve the country's democratic transformation with a "non-violence movement."

• Huang's defense counsel argued that Huang had been subjected to "extended interrogations" and that her statements should be excluded. The court dismissed this with a single sentence: "it was found that each interrogation by the investigating agencies in this case guaranteed the necessary rest time for the two defendants, the transcripts signed and sealed by the two defendants can confirm their authenticity, and the two defendants have not retracted their confessions of the acts involved in the case."

 The following is a list of some of the actions which, based on this court judgment, do not fall within the scope of "freedom of expression" in the PRC:

• Advocating changing the PRC's current government structure (even peacefully).
• Teaching people to confront government agents/officials (even through non-violent means).
• Discussing social topics in a manner that might cause people to become dissatisfied with the PRC government or the Communist Party.
• Making verbal attacks on the PRC's political system or policies.
• Posting images that make fun of PRC leaders.
• Saying negative or "inappropriate" things ("smearing" "vilifying" "denigrating") about the PRC government or the Communist Party.
• Instilling thoughts in others with bad political purposes.

Intermediate People's Court of Guangzhou
Criminal Judgment
(2022) Yue 01 Criminal First Instance No. 298

The public prosecution agency was the People's Procuratorate of Guangzhou.

Defendant Huang Xueqin, female, born [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL], Han ethnicity, college education, household registration [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL], Guangdong. On September 19, 2021 she was taken into custody in connection with this case, she was taken into criminal detention the following day, and she was arrested on October 27 of the same year. She is currently being held in detention at the Guangzhou No. 1 Detention Center.

Defense counsel Qiu Hengyu is a lawyer at the Beijing Yingke (Guangzhou) Law Firm.

Defense counsel Wan Miaoyan is a lawyer at the Sichuan Ding Law Firm.

Defendant Wang Jianbing, male, born [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL], Han ethnicity, college education, household registration [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL], Gansu. On September 19, 2021 he was taken into custody in connection with this case, he was taken into criminal detention the following day, and he was arrested on October 27 of the same year. He is currently being held in detention at the Guangzhou No. 1 Detention Center.

Defense counsel Xiao Yunyang is a lawyer at the Guizhou Yutai Law Firm.

In the Procuratorate Criminal Indictment (2022) No. Z11 indictment, the People's Procuratorate of Guangzhou charged that defendants Huang Xueqin and Wang Jianbing committed the crime of inciting subversion of state power, and on August 11, 2022 filed a public prosecution with this Court. After this Court docketed the case it formed a collegial panel in accordance with the law, and tried this case with hearings in open court. The People's Procuratorate of Guangzhou assigned procurators Zhu Jialin and Cai Yingying to appear in court in support of the prosecution. Huang Xueqin and her defense counsels Qiu Hengyu and Wan Miaoyan, and Wang Jianbing and his defense counsel Xiao Yunyang were in court to participate in the proceedings. The trial in this case has now concluded.

The public prosecution agency charged: Since 2019, defendant Huang Xueqin did on many occasions on Internet platforms and social media both inside and outside national borders post inciting articles and statements that distorted and attacked our country's government, and attacked and denigrated our country's political system and advocated ideologies that subverted the State regime. In March 2021, while participating in a certain foreign online press conference, Huang Xueqin publicly made inciting statements attacking and denigrating our country's State regime. From May 2020 to February 2021, Huang Xueqin accepted recruitment by a foreign organization member and participated in online "non-violence movement" trainings, and knowing that the course contained content that incited subversion of our country's State regime, she nevertheless introduced it, lured others to participate, and assisted in calling the roll and playing the courseware, and during the training she actively assisted in the "non-violence movement" training activities. From December 2020 to May 2021, Huang Xueqin used foreign video conferencing software to organize and open a "Ten Lessons" project training, using major events and social movements both inside and outside national borders as content to incite participants to become dissatisfied with our country's State regime.

After graduating from college, defendant Wang Jianbing did on many occasions take part in foreign Internet groups whose purpose was to subvert our country's State regime such as the "China Local Jasmine Revolution Volunteer Corps China Jasmine Revolution Volunteer Corps" and the "June 4th Massacre Memorial Hall," and did on many occasions post or repost false statements and articles on foreign social media and Internet platforms that attacked our country's political system and government. From May to October 2020, Wang Jianbing received online "non-violence movement" trainings while studying in the United Kingdom.

Beginning in November 2020, defendants Wang Jianbing and Huang Xueqin acted in league with fellow defendant Chen [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL] Xiang (being handled in a separate case) to utilize foreign communication software to post meeting information, and regularly gathered many people to organize meetings at Wang Jianbing's rental residence, Room 202, No. 149, Xingang West Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, taking advantage of the opportunity to discuss social issues and incite participants to become dissatisfied with our country's State regime.

On September 19, 2021, public security agencies apprehended defendants Huang Xueqin and Wang Jianbing near defendant Wang Jianbing's rental residence.

In order to prove the aforementioned facts, the public prosecution agency presented or read out in court physical evidence such as photos, documentary evidence, witness testimony, the statements and justifications of defendants Huang Xueqin and Wang Jianbing, forensic opinions, investigation records, inspection records, identification records, audio-visual materials, electronic data, and other evidence.

The public prosecution agency believed that defendants Huang Xueqin and Wang Jianbing  disregarded the laws of the State and used manufacturing rumors, defamation and other means to incite subversion of state power and the overthrow of the socialist system, their actions were the commission of an offense under Article 105(2) of the "Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China," the criminal facts were clear, the evidence was reliable and copious, and they should bear criminal liability for the crime of inciting subversion of state power. In view of the fact that Wang Jianbing voluntarily and truthfully made statements regarding the facts of the crime, raised no objections to the alleged facts of the crime, and was willing to accept criminal punishment, the procedures for confession of guilt and acceptance of punishment were applied to Wang Jianbing. It recommended that Wang Jianbing be sentenced to three to four years in prison and his property be confiscated. In accordance with the provisions of Article 176 of the "Criminal Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China" it requested this Court impose punishment in accordance with the law.

Defendant Huang Xueqin essentially acknowledged the criminal facts charged by the public prosecution agency, but argued that she herself lacked the intent to incite subversion of state power, and no crime was constituted. Defense counsel Qiu Hengyu proffered the following defense opinions:

1. Investigating agencies designated a portion of the evidence in this case as classified, and the classification procedures violated the law. Many of the signatures on the remand certificates in this case were not the signatures of the investigators themselves, and they did not match the signatures on the interrogation transcripts, so there exists issues relating to extended interrogations. The Explanation of Circumstances issued by the public security agencies was unable to prove that all of the evidence had been submitted to the court, so there exists the issue of concealing evidence.

2. Defendant Huang Xueqin did not have the intent to commit the crime of inciting subversion of state power, and there is no evidence proving either that Huang Xueqin actions were an offense, or that anyone subverted the State regime at the instigation of Huang Xueqin.

3. The relevant statements and social activities of Huang Xueqin fell within the scope of freedom of speech.

In summary, it was requested this Court declare Huang Xueqin not guilty.

Defense counsel Wan Miaoyan proffered the following defense opinions: Defendant Huang Xueqin subjectively lacked the intent to incite subversion of state power, and objectively did not engage in actions that incited subversion of state power. His actions did not constitute the commission of a crime. It was requested this Court declare Huang Xueqin not guilty.

Defendant Wang Jianbing acknowledged the criminal facts and offense charged by the public prosecution agency, but argued that at the time of his actions he lacked awareness of their illegality, and requested this Court give him a reduced sentence.

Defense counsel Xiao Yunyang proffered the following defense opinions: Defendant Wang Jianbing's actions had a certain social endangerment, but he did not have the intent to incite subversion of state power, nor were there any acts that incited subversion of state power, they did not constitute the crime of inciting subversion of state power, and may be considered as constituting the commission of another crime. On this basis it was requested this Court issue a just judgment.

It was ascertained at trial:

I. Since 2019, defendant Huang Xueqin did on many occasions on Internet platforms and social media both inside and outside national borders post inciting articles and statements that distorted and attacked our country's government, and attacked and denigrated our country's political system and advocated ideologies that subverted the State regime. In March 2021, while participating in a certain foreign online press conference, Huang Xueqin publicly made inciting statements attacking and denigrating our country's State regime.

The aforementioned facts have been confirmed by the following evidence presented and examined in court by the public prosecution officials, and are affirmed by this Court:

1. The relevant written materials collected by the public security agencies from defendant Huang Xueqin's USB drive and notebook computer authored or posted by her confirmed: For a long time, Huang Xueqin maintained a hostile attitude toward the leaders of the Communist Party of China and our country's socialist system, she possessed the subjective goal of subverting the State regime and overthrowing the socialist system, and posted or reposted many articles and statements on many domestic and foreign media that attacked the leadership of the Communist Party of China and our country's socialist system.

2. A digital conference invitation and remuneration receipt retrieved by public security agencies confirmed: On March 2, 2021, while giving a speech at an online conference held by a foreign organization, defendant Huang Xueqin made statements that attacked our country's socialist system and received remuneration.

3. Relevant statements and images posted by defendant Huang Xueqin on her "[REDACTED] Book" social media software collected by public security agencies confirmed: Since 2019, Huang Xueqin posted a large number of articles, statements, and images on "[REDACTED] Book" social media that vilified and denigrated our country's socialist system.

4. Articles distributed by defendant Huang Xueqin that public security agencies downloaded from a certain China Taiwan website confirmed: Huang Xueqin distributed a large number of inciting articles on that website that distorted and attacked our country's government.

5. The online collection work records produced by the public security agencies confirmed: Public security agencies collected online a large number of inciting statements and articles posted and distributed by Huang Xueqin under the name "Feyton" (Huang Xueqin's pen name) on "[REDACTED] Book," China Hong Kong "[REDACTED] Media," and a certain China Taiwan website that distorted and attacked our country's government.

6. Testimony of witness [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL] confirmed: From 2019 to 2021, defendant Huang Xueqin posted a large number of inappropriate statements on the "[REDACTED] Book" account that denigrated our country's State regime.

7. Defendant Huang Xueqin's statements and justifications as well as signed and acknowledged photographs, proved:

(1) She published articles on foreign media platforms inciting Hong Kong residents to resort to violence against the government. In 2020, she used the pseudonym "Feyton" to publish several inciting articles on "[REDACTED] Media" that distorted and attacked our country's government.

(2) From March 1 to 3, 2021, she spoke at an online conference held by a foreign organization, making statements that attacked and denigrated our country's socialist system and received a certain compensation. Defendant Huang Xueqin signed and acknowledged the anti-China articles, statements, and screenshots of images she posted and distributed on several foreign media outlets, and signed and acknowledged the materials in the USB drive that were captured by public security agencies at the time she was apprehended.

II. From May 2020 to February 2021, defendant Huang Xueqin participated in online "non-violence movement" trainings given by foreign staff member Hua Doe. The course introduced the successful experiences and failed lessons of foreign "non-violence movements" in subverting regimes, and advocated and instilled ideologies, strategies, and methods to subvert the leadership of the Communist Party of China and our country's State regime. Huang Xueqin, knowing full well that the course was intended to promote the "non-violence movement" in our country and that it contained content that incited subversion of our country's State regime, nevertheless introduced it, pursued others to participate, carried out roll calls and played courseware during the trainings, and actively assisted Hua Doe to organize training activities such as "non-violence movements" that incited subversion of our country's State regime.

The aforementioned facts have been confirmed by the following evidence presented and examined in court by the public prosecution officials, and are affirmed by this Court:

1. Screenshots of the website of the foreign organization "China Rights In Action" provided by public security agencies, as well as the complete website content collected online and the annual tax returns filed by the "China Rights In Action" organization with the United States Internal Revenue Service, confirmed:

(1) "China Rights In Action" was founded in New York, USA in March 2013. The organization introduces to China the experience, people, and events of "non-violence movements" that have successfully transformed various countries from dictatorships to democracies in order to enhance and promote the strategic application of "non-violent" resistance in China.

(2) The organization's website contains numerous videos, articles, and other content that advocates for subverting our country's government.

(3) The organization's responsible person is Hua Doe, who is outside the borders of China.

2. Information on the online course schedule and screen recordings of a "non-violence movement" course taught by Hua Doe and organized by the foreign organization "China Rights In Action" provided by public security agencies confirmed:

(1) From November 14, 2020 to February 6, 2021, Hua Doe taught 14 online courses on "non-violence movements" with the purpose of subverting the State regime. The content included the history of the formation of "non-violence movements," and its theory, practice, and relationship to democratic transformation. The course introduced cases of color revolutions in various countries and incited the audience to "launch a movement in a non-violent way," and overthrow our country's government and subvert our country's State regime.

(2) Defendant Huang Xueqin actively spoke in the trainings, assisted in playing the courseware, and verified the identities of the attendees.

3. Hua Doe's lectures on "non-violence movements" and some screen recordings and screenshots of the online course provided by witness [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL] and others confirmed: During the course, defendant Huang Xueqin incited the audience to launch a movement through "non-violent means," overthrow our country's government, and subvert our country's State regime.

4. Hua Doe's "non-violence movement" course questionnaire collected in a USB drive collected by public security agencies provided by witness [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL] confirmed: The "non-violence movement" course that defendant Huang Xueqin participated in was mainly aimed at people in the fields of labor and women's rights, and incited the audience to initiate movements through "non-violent" means, overthrow our country's government and subvert our country's State regime.

5. The (voice print) forensic opinion produced by the public security forensic agency confirmed: The statements of "A-ha" in the screen recording of Hua Doe's online class on "non-violence movement" were made by defendant Huang Xueqin.

6. Testimony and identifications, as well as signed and acknowledged transcripts of witnesses [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL] proved:

(1) From the end of October to the beginning of November 2020, defendant Huang Xueqin invited [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL] to participate in the online "non-violence movement" trainings given by Hua Doe. [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL] participated in the online trainings using foreign conferencing software through the introduction of a friend. In 2020, [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL] participated in the online trainings using foreign conferencing software through the introduction of Huang Xueqin.

(2) When Hua Doe was giving a lecture, Huang Xueqin assisted in playing the presentation PPT, taking roll calls before classes, taking daily leave and attendance checks, and verifying the identities of the class attendees. Huang Xueqin was similar to a teaching assistant in the training, and helped Hua Doe find students.

Witness [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL] identified defendant Huang Xueqin.

Witness [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL] signed and acknowledged the online "non-violence movement" trainings, signed and acknowledged screenshots of PPT courses reposted by his mobile phone, and signed and acknowledged members of his foreign communication software "mutual aid community" and group chat content.

7. Testimony and identifications and signed and acknowledged transcripts of witness [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL] proved: In 2020, (s)he browsed the official website of "China Rights In Action" through the introduction of others. The website had a large number of cases, books, and documentaries about other countries overthrowing their State regimes, trying to incite the audience to implement these revolutions and movements in our country's territory to change the State regime. (S)he used foreign conferencing software to participate in an online "non-violence movement" training session given by Hua Doe through a link posted by others on the foreign communication software. Defendant Huang Xueqin, nicknamed "A-ha," also participated in the training course.

Witness [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL] signed and acknowledged images showing how (s)he used a foreign communication software account.

8. Testimony of witness [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL] proved: (S)he participated in online "non-violence movement" trainings given by Hua Doe. The trainings mainly involved non-violent movements and theories, and the participants would discuss together after the class.

9. Defendant Huang Xueqin's statements and justifications proved: In July 2019, she met Hua Doe in China Taiwan through a friend's introduction, and attended a human rights course training organized by Hua Doe in Taiwan. Defendant Wang Jianbing also attended the training. During the 2020 pandemic, she participated in the online "non-violence movement" trainings taught by Hua Doe, and helped Hua Doe to take the roll, play the courseware PPT, and answer questions in the course. In the recording of the course, the voice of "A-ha" was her own.

III. From December 2020 to May 2021, defendant Huang Xueqin organized and opened a "Ten Lesson Project Training" according to the content and methods of online "non-violence movement" trainings, using foreign video conferencing software. During the training, Huang Xueqin not only taught the class herself, but also invited Hua Doe and others as lecturers, using major events and social movements both inside and outside national borders as content to instill ideologies and methods of subverting the State regime, inciting participants to be dissatisfied with our country's State regime.

The aforementioned facts have been confirmed by the following evidence presented and examined in court by the public prosecution officials, and are affirmed by this Court:

1. The "Ten Lesson Project" course schedule collected by public security agencies from defendant Huang Xueqin's USB drive confirmed: From December 2020 to May 2021, Huang Xueqin used foreign video conferencing software to organize two sessions of "Ten Lesson" project training. The course mainly focused on major domestic and foreign events, social movements, etc. The second session had reached the seventh lesson, and the remaining three lessons had not been completed.

2. Defendant Huang Xueqin's "Ten Lesson Project Training" poster collected by public security agencies from witness [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]'s USB drive confirmed: Huang Xueqin posted a poster on the Internet, recruiting specific groups of people as targets for training, and planning and launching a "Ten Lesson" project training.

3. An email from defendant Huang Xueqin stating that 15 students had signed up for ten classes and some of Huang Xueqin's reply emails collected by public security agencies from defendant Huang Xueqin's mailbox confirmed: From December 2020 to May 2021, Huang Xueqin organized two "Ten Lesson" project training sessions using foreign conferencing software. Huang Xueqin introduced the class time, method, content, and precautions to the trainees and conducted post-class exchanges.

4. Defendant Huang Xueqin's post-lesson reflections sent to her by a student of the "Ten Lesson" project [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL] and others collected by public security agencies from defendant Huang Xueqin's mailbox confirmed: Participants of the "Ten Lesson" project said they were deeply touched after listening to the course, and the content of the course provided the audience with much inspiration for "non-violent resistance" to the government.

5. Huang Xueqin's email to "Shitang and others" and her reply emails collected by public security agencies from defendant Huang Xueqin’s mailbox confirmed: Huang Xueqin arranged for the lecturer [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL] to lecture on January 30, 2021 from 10:00 to 12:00 in her "Ten Lesson" project using foreign conferencing software, [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL].

6. Testimony of witness [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL] proved: One night before April 2021, defendant Huang Xueqin invited [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL] to give a class in the "Ten Classes” online sharing event through software. (S)he followed the link sent by Huang Xueqin and entered a chat room and spoke for about an hour, with about ten students.

7. Testimony and signed and acknowledged transcripts of witness [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL] proved: Defendant Huang Xueqin asked them to design the "Ten Lessons" propaganda poster.

8. Testimony and signed and acknowledged transcripts of witness [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL] proved: Around November 2020, (s)he saw the "Ten Lessons" poster while surfing the Internet. After signing up, (s)he contacted the organizer through foreign communication software and attended the class through foreign conferencing software. The content of the class mainly criticized China's problems, stimulated domestic young people's dissatisfaction with the State system, instilled in the participants theories and methods of subverting the State regime to ultimately achieve the country's democratic transformation with a "non-violence movement." In February 2021, (s)he sent their learning experience to the other party's email address as requested by the other party.

9. Testimony of witness [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL] proved: The content of the "Ten Lessons" involved the "non-violence movement" in various countries. Defendant Huang Xueqin was the organizer, responsible for posting course information, introducing the teachers, and requesting them to write their reflections after the class. Huang Xueqin explained the "non-violence movement" abroad to the students, instilling similar thoughts with bad political purposes.

10. Testimony of witness [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL] proved: In the second half of 2020, (s)he saw a "Ten Lessons" poster on WeChat Moments, contacted defendant Huang Xueqin, and took a class through conference software. The content of the class involved women's rights and other related topics.

11. Defendant Wang Jianbing's statements and justifications proved: He knew that defendant Huang Xueqin organized "Ten Lessons" for some young people, but he did not participate in the course.

12. Defendant Huang Xueqin's statements and justifications and signed and acknowledged transcripts proved: From December 2020 to May 2021, she used foreign video conferencing software to organize and launch the "Ten Lesson" project training. She taught it herself and invited foreign organization members such as Hua Doe as instructors, using some hot button major events and social movements that occurred both inside and outside national borders as entry points, mainly directed at instilling in domestic college students and social minority groups ideas and methods of subverting the State regime, inciting participants to be dissatisfied with our country's State regime, and interacting with the trainees through email.

Defendant Huang Xueqin signed and acknowledged "Ten Lessons" posters and photographs, and signed and acknowledged emails written by trainees after receiving "Ten Lessons" training.

IV. After graduating from university, defendant Wang Jianbing joined foreign Internet groups such as the "China Local Jasmine Revolution Volunteer Corps China Jasmine Revolution Volunteer Corps" and "June 4th Massacre Memorial Hall" with the purpose of subverting our country's State regime. He did on many occasions post or repost on foreign social media and Internet platforms false statements and articles attacking our country's political system and the government. From May to October 2020, Wang Jianbing received online "non-violence movement" trainings from Hua Doe while studying in the United Kingdom.

The aforementioned facts have been confirmed by the following evidence presented and examined in court by the public prosecution officials, and are affirmed by this Court:

1. Online collection work records issued by public security agencies, screenshots of emails collected from defendant Wang Jianbing foreign's mailbox approving him to join the "China Local Jasmine Revolution Volunteer Corps China Jasmine Revolution Volunteer Corps" and the June 4th Massacre Memorial Museum" groups, as well as containing a large number of articles and links inciting subversion of our country's State regime confirmed: After graduating from university, Wang Jianbing joined the foreign Internet groups mentioned above with the purpose of subverting our country's State regime and collected articles and statements that discredited our country's government and policies.

2. Online collection work records issued by public security agencies and portions of reposted, commented, and liked contents collected from defendant Wang Jianbing's "[REDACTED] Book," confirmed:

(1) Wang Jianbing reposted several false statements and articles attacking our country's political system and government on "[REDACTED] Book."

(2) Wang Jianbing's "[REDACTED] Book" account followed and commented on multiple foreign organization and media accounts that aim to subvert our country's State regime.

3. Defendant Wang Jianbing's notebook and a portion of the materials and images it contained which were seized by public security agencies confirmed: Wang Jianbing's aforementioned notebook contained a large number of statements and images that attacked our country's political system and government.

4. Screenshots of some directories and printouts of some files totaling 38 pages, produced and posted by the "China Rights in Action" organization and collected by public security agencies from the hard disk of defendant Wang Jianbing's computer confirmed: Wang Jianbing's computer contained a large number of documents and images containing false statements attacking our country's political system and government.

5. "Non-violence movement" online courseware and the mind map printouts produced and posted by the the "China Rights in Action" organization after the course, totaling 47 pages, collected by public security agencies from defendant Wang Jianbing's portable hard drive confirmed: Wang Jianbing participated in the online "non-violence movement" trainings of the "China Rights in Action" organization and conducted in-depth study.

6. Defendant Wang Jianbing's statements and justifications and signed and acknowledged transcripts proved:

(1) In 2006, after graduating from university and starting work, he gradually accepted the ideas of foreign anti-China personnel. In 2019, he went to the UK to study through a foreign non-governmental organization. During this period, he participated in the online "non-violence movement" trainings given by Hua Doe through the introduction of defendant Huang Xueqin, and in accordance with Hua Doe's requests, he combined the training content with his own experience to create multiple mind maps.

(2) He applied to join anti-China groups such as the "China Local Jasmine Revolution Volunteer Corps China Jasmine Revolution Volunteer Corps" and "June 4th Massacre Memorial Hall," and through "[REDACTED] Book" he followed or liked many accounts, articles, and statements that defamed our country's government and policies, and reposted posts that defamed our country's image, government, policies, and divided our country.

(3) Since 2015, due to his dissatisfaction with the government, he has reposted some critical posts that smear our country's image, are anti-government, and subvert our country's State regime on the foreign "[REDACTED] Book" and "[REDACTED] ter" to show his approval. At the same time, he followed and liked some accounts and posts by "Taiwan independence" and "Hong Kong independence" organizations and personnel, and supported many people who incited subversion of our country's State regime. On February 10, 2018, he reposted images and "jokes" on "[REDACTED] ter" that cast extremely sarcastic smears on our country's leaders.

Defendant Wang Jianbing signed and acknowledged the printouts of files from his computer hard drive, including a book revised by "China Rights In Action," Hua Doe's "China Rights In Action" courseware, and the mind map he made after class. He signed and acknowledged the emails from anti-china groups agreeing to his joining and other screenshots of emails involved in the case. He signed and acknowledged some reposted, commented, followed, etc. contents of his "[REDACTED] Book" and "[REDACTED] ter" accounts.

V. Since November 2020, defendants Wang Jianbing and Huang Xueqin acted in league with co-defendant Chen [REDACTED] Xiang (being handled in a separate case) to use foreign communication software to post information about gatherings, regularly assembling many people to organize gatherings at Wang Jianbing's rental residence, Room 202, No. 149, Xingang West Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, etc., and took the opportunity to discuss social topics to incite participants to become dissatisfied with our country's State regime.

On September 19, 2021, public security agencies apprehended defendants Huang Xueqin and Wang Jianbing near defendant Wang Jianbing's rental residence.

The aforementioned facts have been confirmed by the following evidence presented and examined in court by the public prosecution officials, and are affirmed by this Court:

1. The Room 202, No. 149, Xingang West Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou "House Lease Contract" and testimony provided by Chen Doe 2 (defendant Wang Jianbing's landlord) confirmed: On November 1, 2020, Chen Doe 2 rented Room 202, No. 149, Xingang West Road to Wang Jianbing through an agency for a period of one year at a monthly rent of RMB 2,600.

2. A March 23, 2021 email sent by defendant Huang Xueqin to Wang Jianbing collected by public security agencies from defendant Wang Jianbing's mailbox and a large amount of information from Huang Xueqin to Wang Jianbing collected by public security agencies from the mobile phone carried by Wang Jianbing confirmed: Huang Xueqin and Wang Jianbing, organizers of the "202 Sharing Session," discussed how to share various "non-violence movements" through the "202 Sharing Session" to consolidate the relationship between existing participants, expand the scope of participants, and incite participants to be dissatisfied with our country's State regime.

3. A March 23, 2021 email sent by co-defendant Chen [REDACTED] Xiang to Wang Jianbing collected by public security agencies from defendant Wang Jianbing's mailbox confirmed: Chen [REDACTED] Xiang and Wang Jianbing, as organizers of the "202 Sharing Session," organized the "202 Sharing Session" in order to expand the community which could carry out subsequent political movements, an event that incited subversion of our country's State regime.

4. Messages sent by Wang Jianbing, information sent by Wang Jianbing to [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL], information sent by Huang Xueqin to Wang Jianbing, "Night Cruise" member list," "citizen Leads 202" group chat records, articles, and screenshots sent by [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL], "Chorus," "Night Cruise," and "Steer Water" group chat records, chat records between Wang Jianbing and [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL], and other photographic content extracted by public security agencies from defendant Wang Jianbing's mobile phone confirmed:

(1) The "Night Cruise" group had 39 members, Wang Jianbing, "Xiang water," and Huang Yueliang were the administrators.

(2) Wang Jianbing sent information to [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL] and others, inviting them to attend the "202 Sharing Session."

(3) Wang Jianbing, Huang Xueqin, and others organized the "Night Boat" and "Steer Water" groups, and took the opportunity to discuss social topics to incite participants to be dissatisfied with our country's State regime, teach anti-detection methods, and exchange information on how to carry out incitement activities to subvert our country's State regime.

5. The list of content shared in the "202 Sharing Session" which the public security agencies sorted out of the relevant materials confirmed: Defendants Huang Xueqin and Wang Jianbing organized the "202 Sharing Session" and used the opportunity to discuss social topics to incite participants to express dissatisfaction with our country's State regime.

6. "Night Cruise" group information sent through a certain foreign communication software collected by public security agencies confirmed: Defendant Wang Jianbing referred to defendant Huang Xueqin as "Yellow Moon." Huang Xueqin chatted with members under the nickname "Little Lazy," and posted false statements attacking our country's political system and the government, inciting participants to be dissatisfied with our country's government and socialist system.

7. On-site inspection work records produced by public security agencies confirmed: On September 19, 2021, public security agencies conducted an inspection of Room 202, No. 149, Xingang West Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, and seized some items involved in the case.

8. Testimony, identifications, and signed and acknowledged transcripts of witness [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL] (a "202 Sharing Session" participant) proved: At the end of November 2020, he started to participate in the "202 Sharing Session" organized by defendants Huang Xueqin and Wang Jianbing through the introduction of others. The gathering was fixed at about 7:30 to 10 pm every Thursday night, and a (chat) group was set up. Wang Jianbing set up a "burn after reading" function. The purpose of setting up a group was to avoid Internet supervision. If you wanted to participate in the training course, you had to join the group, otherwise you would not know the course time. Every time you participated in an event, and any time someone was sharing Wang Jianbing would ask everyone to turn off their mobile phones, draw the curtains, and ask everyone not to take photos or videos, etc. Wang Jianbing said that the "202 Sharing Session" event was planned and organized by him, Huang Xueqin, and Chen [REDACTED] Xiang. Every event was organized by Wang Jianbing. On many occasions during the activities different instructors incited participants to increase their hostile attitude toward the police and the government, incited participants to carry out protest actions, and struggle against our country's government and the police, and this would lead to earth-shaking changes in the social structure. Huang Xueqin told stories about movements in other countries, hoping to launch a similar movement in China to change the State regime, spread awareness of resistance to participants, and incite people from all walks of life to engage in resistance movements.

Witness [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL] identified defendants Wang Jianbing and Huang Xueqin, signed and acknowledged images contained in Wang Jianbing "[REDACTED] Book" account, signed and acknowledged the address and photographs of the "202 Sharing Session" that Wang Jianbing and Huang Xueqin organized.

9. Testimony, identifications, and signed and acknowledged transcripts of witness [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL] ("202 Sharing Session" participant) proved: He participated in the "202 Sharing Session" organized at Wang Jianbing's home five times through an introduction by [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]. "Night Cruise" mainly posted the theme of the gathering and supplemented the feelings of the relevant individuals after each event. The group owner was Wang Jianbing, and the information was posted by him. Huang Xueqin spread awareness of resistance at the sharing sessions and incited the participants to subvert our country's State regime.

Witness [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL] identified defendants Huang Xueqin and Wang Jianbing and signed and acknowledged photographs relating to Room 202, No. 149, Xingang West Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou.

10. Testimony, identifications, and signed and acknowledged transcripts of witness [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL] ("202 Sharing Session" participant) proved: Introduced by a friend, (s)he regularly went to defendant Wang Jianbing's home every Thursday to participate in meetings. The meetings used a chat group set up foreign chat software. The chat software needed to "climb the wall" to be used. In order to avoid domestic network supervision, the administrators Wang Jianbing, Chen [REDACTED] Xiang, and Huang Xueqin set up a "burn after reading function." The "202 Sharing Session" event was organized by Chen [REDACTED] Xiang, Wang Jianbing, and Huang Xueqin. The purpose was to win over vulnerable groups and spread their ideology and idea of dissatisfaction with the government system. At the end of June 2021, Chen [REDACTED] Xiang, Wang Jianbing, and Huang Xueqin also held a sharing session at a coffee shop near the Xiaogang subway station. Huang Xueqin made inciting statements at the meeting that distorted and attacked our country's government's anti-pandemic policies.

Witness [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL] identified defendants Huang Xueqin and Wang Jianbing, and the witness and other participants in the "202 Sharing Session" events. [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL] signed and acknowledged the "Night Cruise" group and Wang Jianbing and co-defendant Chen [REDACTED] Xiang in the group and signed and acknowledged images of the cafe where the sharing session was held in late June 2021 on Dianping.com and photographs of the cafe's interior.

11.Testimony of witness [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL] ("202 Sharing Session" participant) proved: (S)he met defendant Huang Xueqin through a lecture WeChat group, and attended a meeting held by Huang Xueqin and defendant Wang Jianbing in a rental house near Zhongda University on Xingang West Road. The meeting was attended by joining the "Night Cruise" group using foreign chat software, and Huang Xueqin, Wang Jianbing, and Chen [REDACTED] set the "burn after reading" function.

12. Testimony, identifications, and signed and acknowledged transcripts of witness [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL] proved: (S)he was introduced to defendant Wang Jianbing by the co-defendant Chen [REDACTED] Xiang. Wang Jianbing added them to a group called "Night Cruise," which posted some meeting times, locations, and event theme information so that group members could go and participate when they were free, but (s)he did not participate. The witness identified defendant Wang Jianbing, signed and acknowledged photographs of the "Night Cruise" group (s)he joined, and photographs of their own foreign communication software account.

13. Defendant Huang Xueqin's statements, justifications, and identifications, and signed and acknowledged transcripts proved: In mid-2021, defendant Wang Jianbing borrowed about RMB 70,000 from her. Since the end of 2020, she, Wang, and others held regular gatherings every Thursday at Room 202, No. 149, Xingang West Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, and formed a "Night Cruise" group through foreign communication software. At the gatherings, she introduced the "non-violence movement" of other countries, posted false statements attacking our country's government and social system, etc., inciting participants to take various "non-violent ways" to confront and oppose the government.

Defendant Huang Xueqin identified defendant Wang Jianbing, co-defendant Chen [REDACTED] Xiang, and witness [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]. Huang Xueqin signed and acknowledged photographs of the "Night Cruise" group in her mobile phone and signed and acknowledged screenshots of emails she sent to Wang Jianbing.

14. Defendant Wang Jianbing's statements and justifications and signed and acknowledged transcripts proved:

(1) In October 2020, after returning from the United Kingdom, he applied analytical tools he learned from the Hua Doe course to the practice of "non-violence movements," and based on this, he perfected the idea of ​​"202 Sharing Session," believing that gatherings could be used to incite minority groups within the country to subvert our country's State regime. In accordance with the content of the Hua Doe course and his own work experience, he made a mind map, and based on the concept of an NGO, he and defendant Huang Xueqin and co-defendant Chen [REDACTED] Xiang jointly managed and planned the "202 Sharing Session," which he was responsible for convening and hosting. In November 2020, in order to facilitate the development of activities, he, Chen, and Huang used foreign communication software to establish a group called "Night Cruise" with about 30 to 40 contacts. He was the group owner, and Chen, Huang and others were in the group, among which "Huang Yueliang" was Huang Xueqin, and "Xiang WATER" was Chen [REDACTED] Yang. The group regularly posted gathering times, and the participants were mainly friends brought by those three people. The group members gathered every Thursday at Room 202, No. 147-149, Xingang West Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou. In order to prevent detection and maintain confidentiality, the "Night Cruise" and other groups set up a function to burn communication records after 24 hours. His private chats with Huang and Chen were also set to be burned after 24 hours. The sharing session mainly incited participants' dissatisfaction with our country's State regime by sharing sensitive topics. In December 2020, in order to better operate the "Night Cruise" group and discuss some issues within"Night Cruise," he established the "Steer Water" group. "Steer Water" means helmsman, which means the one steering the ship. There were only three members: himself, Huang, and Chen. The main discussions were about the development of the "Night Cruise" activities, theme sharing, discussion format, and what kind of people to find to participate in the "202 Sharing Session" and other related issues. Among them, Huang mainly talked about the direction of "Night Cruise" and event-related issues; Chen mainly talked about action-oriented suggestions, and he was mainly responsible for organizing activities and recruiting people. After changing the number, he changed the group name to "Lying Flat Beans," but the function and role remained unchanged. He organized "Night Cruise" with Huang because first, he and Huang had taken Hua Doe's class together; and second, Huang had participated in "MeToo," and he felt that the two would have a common language, and he also felt that Huang was a trustworthy person. He organized "Night Cruise" with Chen because the two had held an offline sharing event for three or four months from August to December 2019, and the location was where Chen lived. The event was also organized by him because he did not want to invest his energy in things like chatting, but preferred to invest his energy in taking some small actions. So this gathering and discussion event was led by him. Before the incident, a total of about 20 to 30 "202 Sharing Sessions" were held, of which about 20 were themed. During that period, he, Huang, and Chen all posted inciting statements that attacked our country's government and socialist system. Because he felt that the activities they organized, the people they invited, or the topics they shared were sometimes sensitive, participants were asked to turn off their phones or switch to flight mode to prevent monitoring by the police.

(2) Among the cash tracked down and seized by public security agencies, 100,000 yuan was borrowed from Huang and Chen a few months before the incident. From July to August 2021, Huang lent him a total of 60,000 yuan in cash in several installments. Chen moved to Huangpu for temporary residence before leaving China Hong Kong at the end of July 2021, and gave him 33,000 yuan in cash at one time. When borrowing the money, he told the two that it was for living expenses and funds for the "202 Sharing Session," and he originally planned to continue the "202 Sharing Session." He planned to use 40,000 yuan of the borrowed money to repay debts. Of the remaining 60,000 yuan, 10,000 yuan was used for "soft funds" and the other 50,000 yuan was used for "202 Sharing Session" funds and living expenses. He used cash because of his personal habit [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL].

(3) The rent for the room he rented, Room 202, No. 149, Xingang West Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, was RMB 2,600 per month.

After signing and acknowledged photos, defendant Wang Jianbing signed and acknowledged the screenshots of the surveillance video downstairs of his residence, Room 202, No. 149, Xingang West Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou. He signed and acknowledged the contents of all his hard drive files. He signed and acknowledged the photos in the album of the seized iPhone. He signed and acknowledged the list of members, logo, and icon of the "Night Boat" group. He signed and acknowledged the copy of the contents of his diary. He signed and acknowledged two reports published by "China Rights in Action" that incited subversion of our country's State regime.

The following comprehensive evidence presented by public prosecution officials in court, cross-examined by the court, and affirmed by this Court confirmed:

1. The case registration form, case filing decision, and case process prepared by public security agencies confirmed:

(1) On August 23, 2021, public security agencies opened a case for investigation.

(2) On September 19, 2021, public security agencies near Room 202, No. 149, Xingang West Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou apprehended Huang Xueqin, Wang Jianbing.

2. The household registration documents of defendants Huang Xueqin and Wang Jianbing retrieved by the public security agencies confirmed: At the time of the incident, Huang Xueqin and Wang Jianbing were both adults with the ability to bear full criminal responsibility.

3. The entry and exit records of defendants Huang Xueqin and Wang Jianbing, passports, Hong Kong and Macau travel permits, and Huang Xueqin's Taiwan travel permit retrieved by the public security agencies confirmed:

(1) From 2018 to 2019, Huang Xueqin and Wang Jianbing frequently traveled to China Hong Kong. From July 26 to August 7, 2019, Huang Xueqin traveled to China Taiwan.

(2) From November 23, 2019 to October 9, 2020, Wang Jianbing traveled to and from the United Kingdom.

4. The search warrants, search records, lists of seized items, seized items return lists, and related evidence photographs produced by the public security agencies confirmed:

(1) On September 19, 2021, public security agencies conducted a personal search of defendant Huang Xueqin and seized the items involved in the case. On February 22, 2022, public security agencies returned some of Huang Xueqin's items to his family.

(2) At about 12:00 on September 19, 2021, public security agencies conducted a personal search of defendant Wang Jianbing and seized the items involved in the case.

(3) On September 19, 2021, public security agencies searched Wang Jianbing's temporary residence at Room 202, No. 149, Xingang West Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, and seized Wang Jianbing's Dell notebook computer, wireless router, RMB 104,450 in cash, Wang Jianbing's personal ID card, bank card, notebook, postcards, mobile hard drives, and other items.

5. Electronic data inspection records prepared by public security agencies confirmed:

(1) Public security agencies inspected a computer, two mobile hard drives, a USB drive, and a mobile phone belonging to Huang Xueqin, and collected electronic data involved in the case.

(2) Public security agencies inspected five computers, two gateway routing devices, two voice recorders, three surveillance cameras, and six mobile phones seized from Wang Jianbing, and collected electronic data and audio-visual materials involved in the case.

6. The fund flow records of defendant Huang Xueqin's accounts in the above-mentioned banks, the fund flow records of witness [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]'s accounts in Bank of Communications, the fund flow records of witness [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]'s accounts in China Merchants Bank Co., Ltd. and Industrial and Commercial Bank of China from January 1, 2020 to December 30, 2021 retrieved by public security agencies from China Merchants Bank Co., Ltd. Guangzhou Branch, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Guangdong Branch, China Construction Bank Co., Ltd., and Bank of Communications Co., Ltd. confirmed:

(1) During the aforementioned period, Huang Xueqin's bank account had multiple personal remittances or online bank remittances exceeding RMB 5,000, and the transaction parties were mainly [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL] and others.

(2) On January 30, 2021, witness [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]'s account transferred RMB 19,285 to [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]'s account.

(3) From November 10, 2020 to March 24, 2021, [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]'s account did on many occasions transfer funds to Huang Xueqin's account, ranging from RMB 4,866 to RMB 19,285. On January 30, 2021, [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]'s account received RMB 19,285 from [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]'s account, which was transferred to Huang Xueqin's account on the same day.

7. Testimony of witness [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL] confirmed: [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL] from October 20, 2020 to March 24, 2021, Huang collected a total of RMB 63,443.7 through [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]'s Bank of Communications cards. On June 18, 2021, Huang collected RMB 19,222 through [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]'s "Alipay." After receiving the above money, he transferred it to Huang, who said that the money was remuneration for freelance translations on the WeChat platform.

8. Testimony, identifications, and signed and acknowledged transcripts of witness [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL] proved: On January 30, 2021, [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL] asked [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL] to transfer RMB 19,285.

Witness [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL] identified a signed and acknowledged transfer record of RMB 19,285 to Hua Doe using his China Merchants Bank account.

9. Defendant Huang Xueqin's statements and justifications proved: After the National Day in 2020, Hua Doe paid her a total of US$6,000 in two installments to have her translate half of the content of a book called "Revolutionary [ONE OR MORE CHARACTERS OMITTED BY THE COURT] Illustrations." She received several transfers from foreign media and Hua Doe through his Bank of Communications account. The money from "[REDACTED] Media" was for manuscript fees and some article editing fees, and the money from Hua Doe was for the translation of "Revolutionary [ONE OR MORE CHARACTERS OMITTED BY THE COURT] Illustrations."

Regarding the defense opinions proffered by Huang Xueqin's defense counsel on procedural matters in this case, the comprehensive evaluation is as follows: First, regarding the defense counsel's suggestion that public security agencies employed extended interrogations and requested that all statements of Huang Xueqin be excluded, it was found that each interrogation by the investigating agencies in this case guaranteed the necessary rest time for the two defendants, the transcripts signed and sealed by the two defendants can confirm their authenticity, and the two defendants have not retracted their confessions of the acts involved in the case. It can be seen that the statements made by the two defendants during the investigation phase were their true intentions, and the defendants' statements collected by the investigating agencies in accordance with the law can be adopted as evidence for the final decision. Second, the defense counsel proffered the opinion that the procedure for classifying confidential evidence in this case was illegal. An investigation found that when they classified some of the evidence involved in this case the investigating agencies strictly followed the provisions of the "Law of the People's Republic of China on Guarding State Secrets" in terms of subject and procedure, and provided relevant classification approval documents as evidence. The defense counsel's opinion is clearly unfounded. Third, in response to the defense counsel's opinion that some of the interrogation times on the "arrest warrant" did not correspond to the interrogation records and that the signatures of the investigators on the interrogation records were different, an investigation found that there was no evidence in this case that the investigating agencies omitted to transfer evidence that proved the defendant's crime is minor or innocent. The fact that some of the interrogation times on the "Arrest Certificate" do not have corresponding interrogation records cannot prove that the investigation was illegal. In addition, the signature of the investigator on the "Arrest Certificate" is the registered signature when the arrest was processed. There is currently no relevant regulation that the signature must be written by the investigator himself. In summary, Huang Xueqin's defense counsel's defense opinions on this matter are all insufficiently justified, and are not adopted by this Court.

Regarding the determination of the nature of the behavior of defendants Huang Xueqin and Wang Jianbing. An investigation found that Huang Xueqin and Wang Jianbing had long been influenced by the infiltration of foreign anti-China hostile forces. They did on many occasions receive training in the reactionary ideology of the "non-violence movement" and gradually formed a hostile attitude toward and against our country's current political system. They actively participated in the anti-China hostile forces' intention to subvert our country's State regime through "color revolutions" despite knowing that they were actively involved. They had the subjective intention of subverting the State regime and overthrowing the socialist system. Objectively speaking, Huang Xueqin and Wang Jianbing had long adopted methods such as manufacturing rumors and defamation, and had on many occasions posted or reposted articles and statements on the Internet that denigrated our country's government and the socialist system, advocated ideologies that subverted the State regime, and deluding and inciting others to overthrow our country's State regime. Huang Xueqin not only assisted Hua Doe in organizing training activities, but also worked with Wang Jianbing to recruit college students and marginalized groups to conduct online "non-violence movement" trainings in China. Since November 2020, Huang Xueqin and Wang Jianbing acted in league with co-defendant Chen [REDACTED] Xiang at Room 202, No. 149, Xingang West Road, Haizhu District, Guangdong, Guangzhou, and did on many occasions jointly organize and plan "202 Sharing Sessions'' to incite others to subvert our country's State regime and overthrow the socialist system. In summary, the actions of both defendants meet the elements of the crime of inciting subversion of state power. Huang Xueqin, Wang Jianbing, and their respective defense counsels' justifications and defense opinions on the nature of the two defendants' actions are insufficiently justified, and are not adopted by this Court.

This Court finds that defendants Huang Xueqin and Wang Jianbing used manufacturing rumors, defamation, and other means to incite subversion of state power and the overthrow of the socialist system, and that their actions constitute the crime of inciting subversion of state power. The criminal facts charged by the public prosecution agency were clear, the evidence was reliable and copious, and the offense was established. Huang Xueqin and Wang Jianbing colluded with foreign institutions, organizations, and individuals to commit acts that incited subversion of state power and they should be given a heavier punishment in accordance with the law. In the joint crime, Wang Jianbing provided the venue for the event, Huang Xueqin provided some subsequent funding, and the two defendants jointly planned the themes and methods of the event, actively recruited specific participants, and took turns to serve as hosts and give lectures on some topics. In the above activities, they were organizers, leaders, and active implementers, and were the principal offenders. They should be punished according to all the crimes they participated in, organized, and directed. After Wang Jianbing was brought to justice he was able to basically make statements about his criminal acts, confessed guilt and accepted punishment, and can be given a lighter punishment in accordance with the law. The public prosecution agency believes that the range of sentencing proposed by Wang Jianbing is appropriate and it is adopted by this Court. The defense opinions of Huang Xueqin, Wang Jianbing, and their respective defense counsel that are consistent with the above-mentioned conviction and sentencing determinations are adopted by this Court. Other dissenting opinions are not adopted. Based on the nature, circumstances, and degree of social endangerment of Huang Xueqin's and Wang Jianbing;s criminal facts, in accordance with the provisions of Articles 105(2), 106, 25(1), 26(1) and (4), 67(3), 55(1), 56(1), 47, 64, and 113(2) of the "Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China" and Article 15 of the "Criminal Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China," the judgment is as follows:

1. Defendant Huang Xueqin committed the crime of inciting subversion of state power and is sentenced to a fixed term imprisonment of five years, four years deprivation of political rights, and confiscation of RMB 100,000 in personal property (The prison term is to be calculated starting on the day the judgment is executed, and each day in custody prior to the execution of the judgment shall count as one day of the prison term, that is from September 19, 2021 to September 18, 2026).

2. Defendant Wang Jianbing committed the crime of inciting subversion of state power and is sentenced to a fixed term imprisonment of three years and six months, three years deprivation of political rights, and confiscation of RMB 50,000 in personal property (The prison term is to be calculated starting on the day the judgment is executed, and each day in custody prior to the execution of the judgment shall count as one day of the prison term, that is from September 19, 2021 to March 18, 2025).

3. The illegal gains of 10,000 Philippine pesos from defendant Huang Xueqin is confiscated. RMB 100,000 seized by public security agencies from defendant Wang Jianbing as personal property used for the crime is confiscated. Huang Xueqin's computer, two mobile hard disks, a USB drive, a mobile phone and Wang Jianbing's five computers, two gateway routing devices, two voice recorders, three surveillance cameras, and six mobile phones seized as tools for committing crimes are confiscated. Wang Jianbing's RMB 4,450 is seized as the object of his property penalty execution (the above were all executed by the seizing agency).

If any party does not accept this judgment, they may within 10 days after the second day after receiving this written judgment bring an appeal through this Court or directly to the High People's Court of Guangdong. A written appeal should be submitted with one original and two copies of the appeal brief.

Chief Adjudicator Gong Fan
Adjudicator Chen Juntao
Adjudicator Liao Qiuping

June 13, 2024

Judge's Assistant Wang Zhi
Clerk Wu Tao
Yuan Pinzhen

广东省广州市中级人民法院
刑事判决书
(2022)粤01刑初298号

公诉机关广东省广州市人民检察院。

被告人黄雪琴,女,[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]日出生,汉族,大学文化,户籍地[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]广东省。因本案于2021年9月19日被羁押,次日被刑事拘留,同年10月27日被逮捕。现羁押于广州市第一看守所。

辩护人邱恒榆,北京市盈科(广州)律师事务所律师。

辩护人万淼焱,四川鼎律师事务所律师。

被告人王建兵,男,[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]日出生,汉族,大学文化,户籍地[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]甘肃省。因本案于2021年9月19日被羁押,次日被刑事拘留,同年10月27日被逮捕。现羁押于广州市第一看守所。

辩护人萧云阳,贵州宇泰律师事务所律师。

广东省广州市人民检察院以检刑诉[2022]Z11号起诉书指控被告人黄雪琴、王建兵犯煽动颠覆国家政权罪,于2022年8月11日向本院提起公诉。本院受理后,依法组成合议庭,公开开庭审理了本案。广州市人民检察院指派检察员朱珈琳、蔡莹莹出庭支持公诉,黄雪琴及其辩护人邱恒榆、万淼焱,王建兵及其辩护人萧云阳均到庭参加诉讼。现已审理终结。

公诉机关指控:自2019年以来,被告人黄雪琴多次在境内外网络平台、社交媒体上发布歪曲、攻击我国政府的煽动性文章和言论,攻击、诋毁我国政治制度,宣扬颠覆国家政权的思想。2021年3月,黄雪琴在参加某境外新闻线上会议时,公开发表攻击、诋毁我国国家政权的煽动性言论。2020年5月至2021年2月,黄雪琴受境外组织人员纠集,参与“非暴力运动”网课培训,在明知该课程含有煽动颠覆我国国家政权内容的情况下,仍介绍、拉拢他人参加,并在培训过程中协助点名、播放课件等,积极协助开展“非暴力运动”培训活动。2020年12月至2021年5月,黄雪琴利用境外视频会议软件组织、开设“十堂课”项目培训,以境内外重大事件、社会运动等为内容,煽动参加人员对我国国家政权的不满。

被告人王建兵大学毕业后,先后加入具有颠覆我国国家政权目的的“中国地茉莉花革命志愿军团中国茉莉花革命志愿军团“六四大屠杀纪念馆”等境外网络群组,并多次在境外社交媒体和网络平台上发布或转发攻击我国政治制度与政府的不实言论和文章。2020年5月至10月,王建兵在英国学习期间接受“非暴力运动”网课培训。

2020年11月起,被告人王建兵、黄雪琴伙同同案人陈[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]祥(另案处理)利用境外通联软件发布聚会信息,定期召集多人在王建兵租住处广州市海珠区新港西路149号202房等地组织聚会,借讨论社会话题之机,煽动参加人员对我国国家政权的不满。

2021年9月19日,公安机关在被告人王建兵租住处附近抓获被告人黄雪琴、王建兵。

为证实上述事实,公诉机关当庭出示或宣读了物证照片,书证,证人证言,被告人黄雪琴、王建兵的供述和辩解,鉴定意见,勘验、检查、辨认笔录,视听资料,电子数据等证据。

公诉机关认为,被告人黄雪琴、王建兵无视国家法律,以造谣、诽谤及其他方式煽动颠覆国家政权,推翻社会主义制度,其行为触犯了《中华人民共和国刑法》第一百零五条第二款,犯罪事实清楚,证据确实、充分,应当以煽动颠覆国家政权罪追究刑事责任。鉴于王建兵自愿如实供述犯罪事实,对指控的犯罪事实没有异议,愿意接受刑事处罚,据此对王建适用认罪认罚从宽制度,建议对王建兵判处三年至四年有期徒刑,并处没收财产。根据《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》第一百七十六条的规定,提请本院依法判处。

被告人黄雪琴对公诉机关指控的犯罪事实基本予以认可,但辩称自己没有煽动颠覆国家政权的故意,不构成犯罪。辩护人邱恒榆提出如下辩护意见:

1.侦查机关将本案部分证据定为机密,定密程序违法;本案提押证上多处签名并非侦查人员本人签名,且与提讯笔录上的签名不能吻合,存在疲劳审讯的问题;公安机关出具情况说明无法证明已将所有证据提交给法庭,存在隐匿证据问题。

2.被告人黄雪琴没有煽动颠覆国家政权罪的故意,也无证据证明黄雪琴有构罪行为;且无人因接受黄雪琴的煽动而实施颠覆国家政权行为。

3.黄雪琴的相关言论和社会活动属于言论自由范畴。

综上,请求法院宣告黄雪琴无罪。

辩护人万淼焱提出如下辩护意见:被告人黄雪琴主观上缺乏煽动颠覆国家政权的故意,客观上未实施煽动颠覆国家政权行为,其行为不构成犯罪。请求法院宣告黄雪琴无罪。

被告人王建兵对公诉机关指控的犯罪事实与罪名均予以认可,但辩称其行为时缺乏违法性认知,请求法院对其从轻判处。

辩护人萧云阳提出如下辩护意见:被告人王建兵的行为有一定社会危害,但其没有煽动颠覆国家政权的故意,也无任何煽动颠覆国家政权行为,不构成煽动颠覆国家政权罪,可考虑构成其他犯罪。据此请求法院作出公正判决。

经审理查明:

一、自2019年以来,被告人黄雪琴多次在境内外网络平台、社交媒体上发布歪曲、攻击我国政府的煽动性文章和言论,攻击、诋毁我国政治制度,宣扬颠覆国家政权的思想。2021年3月,黄雪琴在参加某境外新闻线上会议时,公开发表攻击、诋毁我国国家政权的煽动性言论。

上述事实,有经公诉人当庭举证,并经法庭质证,本院予以确认的下列证据证实:

1.公安机关从被告人黄雪琴U盘、笔记本电脑中提取的其所撰写或发布的相关文字材料,证实:长期以来,黄雪琴敌视中国共产党的领导,敌视我国社会主义制度,具有颠覆国家政权,推翻社会主义制度的主观目的,在境内外多家媒体上发布或转发多篇攻击中国共产党领导与我国社会主义制度的文章与言论。

2.公安机关调取的某数字会议邀请函与酬金收条,证实:2021年3月2日,被告人黄雪琴在境外组织举办的某线上会议上演讲,发表攻击我国社会主义制度的言论并获取报酬。

3.公安机关从被告人黄雪琴“某书”社交软件上提取其所发布的相关言论、图片,证实:2019年以来,黄雪琴在“某书”社交媒体上发布大量污蔑、诋毁我国社会主义制度的文章、言论及图片。

4.公安机关从中国台湾某网站上下载的被告人黄雪琴所发表文章,证实:黄雪琴在该网站上发表了大量歪曲、攻击我国政府的煽动性文章。

5.公安机关制作的网络在线提取工作记录,证实:公安机关在线提取了被告人黄雪琴在“某书”、中国香港“某传媒”、中国台湾某网站等以黄雪琴、“费顿”(黄雪琴笔名)署名发布与发表的大量歪曲、攻击我国政府的煽动性言论与文章。

6.证人[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]的证言,证明:2019年至2021年,被告人黄雪琴在“某书”账号上发布大量诋毁我国国家政权的不当言论。

7.被告人黄雪琴的供述和辩解及签认照片,证明:

(1)其在某境外媒体平台上发表文章,煽动中国香港居民采取暴力方式对抗政府。2020年,其用笔名“费顿”在“某传媒”发表多篇歪曲、攻击我国政府的煽动性文章。

(2)2021年3月1日至3日,其在境外组织举办的某线上会议上演讲,发表攻击、诋毁我国社会主义制度的言论并获取一定报酬。被告人黄雪琴签认其在数家境外媒体上所发布与发表的反华文章、言论、图片截图;签认公安机关抓获其时所缴获U盘内的资料。

二、2020年5月至2021年2月,被告人黄雪琴参加境外人员华某主讲的“非暴力运动”网课培训,该课程通过介绍国外“非暴力运动”颠覆政权的成功经验和失败教训,宣扬、灌输颠覆中国共产党领导和我国国家政权的思想、策略、方法。黄雪琴在明知该课程旨在将“非暴力运动”推广至我国并含有煽动颠覆我国国家政权内容的情况下,仍介绍、拉扰他人参加,并在培训过程中实施点名、播放课件等行为,积极协助华某组织开展“非暴力运动”等煽动颠覆我国国家政权的培训活动。

上述事实,有经公诉人当庭举证,并经法庭质证,本院予以确认的下列证据证实:

1.公安机关提供的境外组织“中国权利在行动”网站截图及在线提取网站完整内容及“中国权利在行动”组织在美国国家税务局报备的年度税务报表内容,证实:

(1)“中国权利在行动”组织于2013年3月成立于美国纽约,该组织将各国“从独裁到民主”成功转型的“非暴力运动”经验、人物和事件介绍到中国,以提高和促进“非暴力”抗争在中国的策略性应用。

(2)该组织网站包含大量宣扬顛覆我国政权的视频、文章等内容。

(3)境外人员华某系该组织负责人。

2.公安机关提供的境外组织“中国权利在行动”所组织由华某主讲的“非暴力运动”网课课程表及录屏相关内容,证实:

(1)2020年11月14日至2021年2月6日,华某主讲的14堂以颠覆国家政权为目的的“非暴力运动”网课,内容包括“非暴力运动”的形成历史、理论、实践及与民主转型关系等。该课程通过介绍各国颜色革命案例,煽动听课者以“非暴力”方式发起运动,推翻我国政府、颠覆我国政权。

(2)被告人黄雪琴在该培训中积极发言、协助播放课件、核对听课者身份。

3.证人[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]等人提供的华某主讲的“非暴力运动”课件及网课部分录屏、截图,证实:被告人黄雪琴参与该课程期间,煽动听课者通过“非暴力”方式发起运动,推翻我国政府、颠覆我国政权。

4.公安机关从证人[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]提供U盘中提取的华某主讲的“非暴力运动”课程调查表,证实:被告人黄雪琴所参与的“非暴力运动”课程,主要针对劳工、女权等领域人员,煽动听课者通过“非暴力”方式发起运动,推翻我国政府、颠覆我国政权。

5.公安鉴定机构出具的(声纹)鉴定意见,证实:华某主讲的“非暴力运动”网课录屏中“阿哈”的发言系被告人黄雪琴所说。

6.证人[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]的证言及辨认与签认笔录,证明:

(1)2020年10月底至11月初,被告人黄雪琴邀请华某参加主讲的“非暴力运动”网课培训;通过朋友介绍使用境外会议软件参加了该网课培训;2020年,通过黄雪琴介绍,使用境外会议软件参加该网课培训。

(2)华某讲课时,黄雪琴协助播放演示PPT,负责课前点名、日常请假考勤、核查上课人员身份。黄雪琴在培训中类似于助教,并帮华某找学员。

证人[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]辨认出被告人黄雪琴。

证人[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]签认“非暴力运动”网课培训课件;签认其使用手机转发PPT课件的截图;签认其境外通联软件“互助社”群成员与群聊内容。

7.证人[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]的证言与签认笔录,证明:2020年,其通过他人介绍浏览了“中国权利在行动”官网,该网站有大量其他国家推翻政权的案例、书籍、纪录片,试图煽动受众在我国境内实施这些革命以及运动使政权更替。其通过境外通联软件上他人发布的链接,使用境外会议软件参加了一期华某主讲的“非暴力运动”网课培训,昵称为“阿哈”(被告人黄雪琴)也有参加该次培训课程。

证人[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]签认其使用境外通联软件账号通联情况照片。

8.证人[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]证言,证明:其曾参加过华某主讲的“非暴力运动”网课培训,培训主要涉及非暴力运动和理论,课后听课人员会一起讨论。

9.被告人黄雪琴的供述和辩解,证明:2019年7月,其经朋友介绍在中国台湾认识华某,并在台湾参加了华某组织的某人权课程培训,被告人王建兵也参加了该次培训。2020年疫情期间,其参加华某主讲的“非暴力运动”网课培训,并在课程中帮华某点名、播放课件PPT,还曾回答过问题。在该课程录音中“阿哈”的声音是其本人。

三、2020年12月至2021年5月,被告人黄雪琴按照“非暴力运动”网课培训的内容、方法,利用境外视频会议软件,组织、开设“十堂课”项目培训。培训中,黄雪琴不但本人授课,还邀请华某等人作为授课者,以境内外重大事件、社会运动等为内容,灌输颠覆国家政权的理念和方法,煽动参加人员对我国国家政权的不满。

上述事实,有经公诉人当庭举证,并经法庭质证,本院予以确认的下列证据证实:

1.公安机关在被告人黄雪琴的U盘内提取的其开设“十堂课”项目课程表,证实:2020年12月至2021年5月,黄雪琴利用境外视频会议软件组织两期“十堂课”项目培训。课程主要以境内外重大事件、社会运动等颠覆国家政权的方法为内容,其中第二期已上到第七课,剩余三次课未完成。

2.公安机关在证人[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]的U盘中提取的被告人黄雪琴“十堂课”项目培训海报,证实:黄雪琴在网络上发布海报,招揽特定人群作为培训对象,策划、开设“十堂课”项目培训。

3.公安机关在被告人黄雪琴邮箱中提取到[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]等15名学员报名“十堂课”的邮件以及黄雪琴部分回复邮件,证实:2020年12月至2021年5月,黄雪琴利用境外会议软件组织了两期“十堂课”项目培训。黄雪琴向学员介绍上课时间、途径、内容、注意事项并进行课后交流等。

4.公安机关从被告人黄雪琴邮箱中提取到“十堂课”项目学员[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]等人发给黄雪琴的课后感,证实:“十堂课”项目参加学员均表示听课后深受触动,课程所传授内容为受众提供了“非暴力”对抗政府的众多启示。

5.公安机关在被告人黄雪琴邮箱中提取到黄雪琴发给“十堂等人的邮件及回复邮件,证实:黄雪琴约课”授课人[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]在2021年1月30日10时至12时通过境外会议软件在其“十堂课”项目中授课,[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL].

6.证人[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]的证言,证明:2021年4月前某天晚上,被告人黄雪琴通过软件邀请请[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]在“十堂课”网上分享活动中讲一堂课。其按黄雪琴发来链接进入一个聊天室讲了大概一个小时,其中大概十个学员。

7.证人[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]设计“十堂课”宣传海报。

8.证人[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]的证言及签认笔录,证明:被告人黄雪琴请其的证言,证明:2020年11月前后,其上网时看到“十堂课”宣传海报,报名后通过境外通联软件与组织者取得联系并通过境外会议软件上课。上课内容主要以批判中国的问题为主,激发国内年轻人对国家体制不满,给参加者灌输颠覆国家政权的理论与方法,最终以“非暴力运动”实现国家民主转型。2021年2月,其按照对方要求发送学习心得给对方邮箱。

9.证人[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]的证言,证明:“十堂课”内容涉及各国“非暴力运动”等内容。被告人黄雪琴是组织者,负责发布课程信息、介绍上课老师,还要求其写课后感想。黄雪琴向学员讲解国外的“非暴力运动”,灌输类似思潮,带有不好的政治目的。

10.证人[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]的证言,证明:2020年下半年,其在微信朋友圈看见“十堂课”海报,联系被告人黄雪琴后通过某会议软件上课,上课内容涉及女权等相关内容。

11.被告人王建兵的供述和辩解,证明:其知道被告人黄雪琴面向一些年轻人组织了“十堂课”,但其未参加该课程。

12.被告人黄雪琴的供述和辩解及签认笔录,证明:2020年12月至2021年5月,其利用境外视频会议软件组织、开设“十堂课”项目培训。其通过本人授课及邀请境外组织成员华某等人员作为授课者,以境内外发生的一些热点重大事件、社会运动等为切入点,主要向境内大学生、社会少数群体灌输颠覆国家政权的理念与方法,煽动参加人员对我国国家政权的不满,并与学员通过电邮进行互动交流。

被告人黄雪琴签认“十堂课”海报照片,签认学员接受“十堂课”培训后所写学习心得相关电子邮件等。

四、被告人王建兵大学毕业后,先后加入“中国地茉莉花革命志愿军团中国茉莉花革命志愿军团”“六四大屠杀纪念馆”等以颠覆我国国家政权为目的的境外网络群组,多次在境外社交媒体和网络平台上发布或转发攻击我国政治制度与政府的不实言论和文章。2020年5月至10月,王建兵在英国学习期间接受了华某的“非暴力运动”网课培训。

上述事实,有经公诉人当庭举证,并经法庭质证,本院予以确认的下列证据证实:

1.公安机关出具的在线提取工作记录及从被告人王建兵境外邮箱内提取的“中国地茉莉花革命志愿军团中国茉莉花革命志愿军团六四大屠杀纪念馆”群组批准其加入的邮件截图及大量煽动颠覆我国国家政权的文章、链接等邮件内容,证实:王建兵大学毕业后,先后加入上述以颠覆我国国家政权为目的的境外网络群组并收集关注抹黑我国政府、政策的文章和言论。

2.公安机关出具的在线提取工作记录及从被告人王建兵“某书”“某特”账号提取部分转发、评论、关注的内容,证实:

(1)王建兵在“某书”上转发了多篇攻击我国政治制度与政府的不实言论和文章。

(2)王建兵“某书”账户关注、评论多个以颠覆我国国家政权为目的的境外组织及媒体的账户。

3.公安机关扣押的被告人王建兵笔记本及其中部分内容实物图片,证实:王建兵上述笔记本中有大量攻击我国政治制度与政府的不实言论与图片。

4.公安机关从被告人王建兵电脑内提取的硬盘部分目录截图及硬盘部分文件打印件共38页,证实:王建兵电脑內有大量包含攻击我国政治制度与政府的不实言论的文档与图片。

5.公安机关从被告人王建兵移动硬盘内提取的“中国权利在行动”组织制作发布的“非暴力运动”网课课件及其课后制作的思维导图打印件共47页,证实:王建兵参加了“中国权利在行动”组织的“非暴力运动”网课培训并进行了深入学习研究。

6.被告人王建兵的供述和辩解及签认笔录,证明:

(1)2006年,其大学毕业参加工作后逐渐接受境外反华人员的理念。2019年,其通过境外非政府组织赴英国学习,在此期间通过被告人黄雪琴介绍参加了华某主讲的“非暴力运动”网课培训,并根据华某要求结合培训内容与自身经历制作多份思维导图。

(2)其申请加入“中国地茉莉花革命志愿军团中国茉莉花革命志愿军团“六四大屠杀纪念馆”等反华群组,并通过“某书”“某特”关注或点赞了很多抹黑我国政府、政策的账号、文章和言论,并转发抹黑我国形象、政府、政策,分裂我国的帖子。

(3)从2015年开始,其因对政府不满,在境外的“某书”和“某特”上不时转发一些批评、抹黑我国形象,反政府以及颠覆我国政权的帖文以表认同,同时关注、点赞一些“台独”“港独”组织与人员账号与帖文,声援多名煽动颠覆我国政权的人员。2018年2月10日,其在“某特”上转发了极度映射讽刺抹黑我国领导人的图片和“段子”。

被告人王建兵签认其电脑硬盘中文件打印件,包括“中国权利在行动”所修订书籍、华某“中国权利在行动”课件及其制作的课后思维导图;签认反华群组同意其加入的邮件及其他涉案邮件截图;签认其“某书”“某特”账号部分转发、评论、关注等内容。

五、2020年11月起,被告人王建兵、黄雪琴伙同同案人陈[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]祥(另案处理)利用境外通联软件发布聚会信息,定期召集多人在王建兵租住处广州市海珠区新港西路149号202房等地组织聚会,借讨论社会话题之机,煽动参加人员对我国国家政权的不满。

2021年9月19日,公安机关在被告人王建兵租住处附近抓获被告人黄雪琴、王建兵。

上述事实,有经公诉人当庭举证,并经法庭质证,本院予以确认的下列证据证实:

1.证人陈某2(被告人王建兵的房东)提供的广州市海珠区新港西路149号202房《房屋租赁合同》复印件及证言,证实:2020年11月1日,陈某2通过中介公司将新港西路149号202房租给王建兵,租期一年,租金每月人民币2600元。

2.公安机关从被告人王建兵邮箱中提取的2021年3月23日被告人黄雪琴发给王建兵的邮件及从王建兵随身携带手机内提取黄雪琴发给王建兵的大量信息,证实:黄雪琴和王建兵作为“202分享会”组织者,就如何通过开展“202分享会”分享各类“非暴力运动”,从而实现稳固现有参与者关系,扩大参与人员范围,并煽动参加人员对我国政权的不满进行沟通交流。

3.公安机关从被告人王建兵邮箱中提取的2021年3月23日同案人陈[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]祥发给王建兵的邮件,证实:陈[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]祥和王建兵作为“202分享会”组织者,为实施后续政治运动扩大社群需要而组织“202分享会”这一煽动颠覆我国国家政权的活动。

4.公安机关从被告人王建兵随身携带手机内提取的王建兵发给的信息、黄雪琴发送给王建兵的信息、“夜航船”成员列表、“citizen带领着202群聊天记录”、[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]等人发送的文章截图、“大合唱“”夜航船”“艄水”群聊天记录、王建兵与[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]的聊天记录等内容照片,证实:

(1)“夜航船”群组共39个成员,王建兵、“祥water”、黄月亮是管理员。

(2)王建兵曾发送信息给[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]等人,邀请对方参加“202分享会”。

(3)王建兵、黄雪琴等组织“夜航船”“艄水”群组中,借讨论社会话题之机,煽动参加人员对我国政权的不满,传授反侦查方法,交流如何开展煽动颠覆我国政权活动等内容。

5.公安机关根据相关材料梳理的“202分享会”分享内容列表,证实:被告人黄雪琴、王建兵组织“202分享会”借讨论社会话题之机,煽动参加人员对我国国家政权的不满。

6.公安机关在境外某通讯软件上提取的“夜航船”群组发送消息,证实:被告人王建兵把被告人黄雪琴备注为“黄月亮”;黄雪琴以“小懒”的昵称与成员聊天,发布攻击我国政治制度与政府的不实言论,煽动参与人员对我国政府及社会主义制度的不满。

7.公安机关制作的现场勘验检查工作记录,证实:2021年9月19日,公安机关对广州市海珠区新港西路149号202房进行勘查扣押了部分涉案物品。

8.证人[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL](“202分享会”参加者)的证言及辨认、签认笔录,证明:2020年11月底,其通过他人介绍开始参加被告人黄雪琴、王建兵组织的“202分享会”活动。该聚会固定在每周四晚大概7点30分到10点,并有建(聊天)群,王建兵设置有“阅后即焚”。建群就是为躲避网络监管,要参加培训课程就要加群,否则不知道课程时间。每次参加活动时,只要有人分享的时候,王建兵就会要大家关手机,把窗帘拉上,要大家不要拍照录像等。王建兵说“202分享会”的活动是他和黄雪琴、陈[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]祥共同策划、组织的。每一次活动都是王建兵组织的,在[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]所参加的多次活动中,不同的授课者煽动参与人员增加对警察和政府的敌视,煽动参加人员开展抗争行动,与我国政府与警察进行斗争,使得社会结构发生翻天覆地的变化。黄雪琴通过讲述他国运动,想在中国搞一样的让政权更替的运动,向参与人员传递传播抗争意识,煽动各个方面群体的人搞抗争运动。

证人[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]辨认出被告人王建兵、黄雪琴。[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]签认王建兵“某书”账号内容图片;签认王建兵、黄雪琴组织“202分享会”的地址及场所照片。

9.证人[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL](“202分享会”参加者)的证言及辨认、签认笔录,证明:其经[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]的介绍5次参加王建兵家组织的“202分享会”活动。“夜航船”主要发布聚会活动的主题内容,补充每次活动后相关人员的感想。群主是王建兵,信息由他发布。黄雪琴在分享会上传递传播抗争意识,煽动参与人员颠覆我国政权。

证人[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]辨认出被告人黄雪琴、王建兵。证人[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]签认广州市海珠区新港西路149号202房相关照片。

10.证人[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL](“202分享会”参加者)的证言及辨认、签认笔录,证明:其经朋友介绍每周四定期到被告人王建兵家参加聚会。聚会使用境外聊天软件,设置了聊天群。该聊天软件需要“翻墙”使用,为躲避国内网络监管,管理员王建兵、陈[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]祥、黄雪琴设置了“阅后即焚”功能。“202分享会”活动由陈[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]祥、王建兵、黄雪琴三人组建,目的是想拉拢弱势群体,传播他们对政府体制不满的思想理念。2021年6月底晚上,陈[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]祥、王建兵、黄雪琴还在晓港地铁站附近某咖啡店举办分享会,黄雪琴在会上发布了歪曲、攻击我国政府抗疫政策的煽动性言论。

证人 [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]辨认出被告人黄雪琴、王建兵、证人[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]等参加“202分享会”活动的人。 [REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]签认“夜航船”群及群中王建兵、同案人陈[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]祥;签认2021年6月下旬举办分享会的咖啡厅在大众点评上的图片及该咖啡厅内部照片。

11.证人[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL](“202分享会”参加者)的证言,证明:其通过某个讲座微信群认识被告人黄雪琴,参加了黄雪琴、被告人王建兵在新港西路中大附近一间出租屋的聚会。该聚会用境外聊天软件加入“夜航船”群参加,并被黄雪琴、王建兵、陈[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]祥设置了“阅后即焚”。

12.证人[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]的证言及辨认、签认笔录,证明:其经同案人陈[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]祥介绍认识被告人王建兵。王建兵将其拉入一个叫“夜航船”的群里,群里会发布一些聚会的时间、地点和活动主题信息,让群里人员有空就可以前往参与,但其未参与。

证人[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]辨认出被告人王建兵。[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]签认其加入的“夜航船”群组照片及其本人某境外通联软件账号照片。

13.被告人黄雪琴的供述和辩解及辨认、签认笔录,证明:2021年中,被告人王建兵曾向其借款约人民币70000元。2020年底以来,其和王等人每周星期四定期在广州市海珠区新港西路149号202房举行聚会,并通过某境外通联软件组建“夜航船”群,其在聚会上通过介绍他国的“非暴力运动”、发布攻击我国政府及社会制度的不实言论等,煽动参加者采取各种“非暴力”方式对抗政府。

被告人黄雪琴辨认出被告人王建兵、同案人陈[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]祥、证人[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]黄雪琴签认其手机内“夜航船”群组照片;签认其发给王建兵的邮件截图。

14.被告人王建兵的供述和辩解及签认笔录,证明:

(1)2020年10月,其从英国回国后,将从华某课程中学到的某分析工具运用到“非暴力运动”实践中,并据此完善了“202分享会”的想法,认为可利用聚会这种形式在境内煽动少数群体颠覆我国政权。其根据华某课程内容,结合自己工作经验制作了思维导图,并按照做NGO思路与被告人黄雪琴、同案人陈[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]祥共同经营和策划了“202分享会”,由其负责召集、主持。2020年11月,为便于活动开展,其与陈、黄利用境外通讯软件构建了一个叫“夜航船”的群,联系人约30至40人。其是群主,陈、黄等人都在群里,其中“黄月亮”是黄雪琴,“祥WATER”是陈[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]祥。该群会定期发布聚会时间,参加人员主要是三人分别带来的朋友,群内人员每周四到广州市海珠区新港西路147-149号大院202房聚会,为反侦查和保密,“夜航船”等群设置了24小时后焚毁通联记录功能,其与黄、陈的私人聊天也设为24小时后焚毁。该分享会主要通过分享敏感话题,煽动参加人员对我国国家政权的不满。2020年12月,为更好运作“夜航船”群,商量“夜航船”内的一些问题,其成立“艄水”群,“艄水”是船工的意思,寓意掌舵,成员只有其、黄、陈三人。主要讨论“夜航船”活动开展、主题分享、讨论形式、找什么人员参加“202分享会”等相关问题。其中,黄主要讲关于“夜航船”方向性、事件性问题;陈主要讲行动性建议;其主要负责组织活动和拉人员,换号码后就改群名为“躺平豆”,功能作用不变。其与黄一起组织“夜航船”,一是其与黄一起上过华某的课;二是黄搞过“MeToo",觉得两人会有共同语言,也觉得黄是值得信任的人。其跟陈一起组织“夜航船”是因为两人在2019年8月至12月就搞过三四个月的线下分享活动,地点在陈住的地方。活动也由其组织,因不想投入精力到聊天这种事情,更愿意把精力投入到搞些小行动。所以这个聚会聊天活动由其做主导。案发前,“202分享会”总共办了20至30场左右,其中大约20次是有主题的,期间其与黄、陈均发布了攻击我国政府及社会主义制度等煽动性言论。因其觉得所组织的活动、请的人或有时分享的议题敏感,所以要求参加人员关机或调成飞行模式,防止被警方监视。

(2)其被公安机关查扣现金中,有人民币100000元是案发前几个月向黄和陈借的。2021年7月到8月黄分几次总共借给其60000元现金;陈于2021年7月底出境中国香港前搬去黄埔暂住,一次性给其33000元现金。借钱时,其跟两人说是作为生活费和“202分享会”经费,其原打算把“202分享会”继续做下去。所借钱准备用40000元还债,剩下60000元,其中10000元用于“软某基金”,另外50000元用于“202分享会”经费和生活费。其使用现金是因为个人习惯[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]。

(3)其租住的广州市海珠区新港西路147-149号大院202房,每个月租金2600元人民币。

经签认照片,被告人王建兵签认其住所广州市海珠区新港西路149号202房楼下监控视频截图;签认其所有的硬盘文件内容;签认被扣押iPhone手机中相册照片;签认“夜航船”群组成员列表、LOGO和图标;签认其日记内容复印件;签认“中国权利在行动”发布的两篇煽动颠覆我国政权的报告。

本案另有经公诉人当庭举证,并经法庭质证,本院予以确认的下列综合证据证实:

1.公安机关制作的受案登记表、立案决定书、到案经过,证实:

(1)2021年8月23日,公安机关立案侦查;

(2)2021年9月19日,公安机关在广州市海珠区新港西路149号202房附近抓获黄雪琴、王建兵。

2.公安机关分别调取的被告人黄雪琴、王建兵户籍证明材料,证实:案发时,黄雪琴、王建兵均系具备完全刑事责任能力的成年人。

3.公安机关调取的被告人黄雪琴、王建兵出入境记录、护照、往来港澳通行证、黄雪琴往来台湾地区通行证,证实:

(1)2018年至2019年期间,黄雪琴、王建兵频繁往返中国香港;2019年7月26日至8月7日,黄雪琴往返中国台湾。

(2)2019年11月23日至2020年10月9日,王建兵往返英国。

4.公安机关制作的搜查证、搜查笔录、扣押清单、扣押物品发还清单及相关物证照片,证实:

(1)2021年9月19日,公安机关对被告人黄雪琴进行人身搜查,并对涉案物品进行扣押。2022年2月22日,公安机关已将扣押黄雪琴本人部分物品发还其家属。

(2)2021年9月19日12时许,公安机关对被告人王建兵进行人身搜查,并对涉案相关物品进行扣押。

(3)2021年9月19日,公安机关对王建兵暂住地广州市海珠区新港西路149号202房进行搜查,扣押王建兵持有的Dell笔记本电脑、无线路由器、现金人民币104450元、王建兵个人身份证、银行卡、笔记本、明信片、移动硬盘等物品。

5.公安机关制作的电子数据检查笔录,证实:

(1)公安机关对所扣押被告人黄雪琴的一台电脑、二个移动硬盘、一个U盘、一部手机进行检验,提取到涉案电子数据。

(2)公安机关对所扣押被告人王建兵的五台电脑、二个网关路由设备、二支录音笔、三个监控摄像头、六部手机进行检验,提取到涉案电子数据和视听资料。

6.公安机关从招商银行股份有限公司广州分行、中国工商银行广东省分行、中国建设银行股份有限公司、交通银行股份有限公司调取的2020年1月1日至2021年12月30日期间,被告人黄雪琴在上述银行账户资金流水、证人在交通银行账户资金流水、证人在招商银行股份有限公司、中国工商银行账户资金流水,证实:

(1)上述期间内,黄雪琴的上述银行账户发生多笔金额超过人民币5000元的个人汇款或网银汇款,交易对象主要为[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]等人。

(2)2021年1月30日,证人[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]账户转账人民币19285元至账户。

(3)2020年11月10日至2021年3月24日期间,[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]账户多次转账给黄雪琴账户,金额从人民币4866元至19285元不等。其中2021年1月30日,[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]账户收到[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]账户转账人民币19285元,同日转至黄雪琴账户。

7.证人[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]的证言,证明:[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]2020年10月20日至2021年3月24日,黄通过[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]交通银行卡共收取人民币63443.7元;2021年6月18日,黄通过[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]“支付宝”收取人民币19222元。其收到上述钱款后再转给黄,黄称这些钱是在“freelancer”微信平台上做翻译的酬金。

8.证人[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]的证言及辨认、签认笔录,证明:2021年1月30日,[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]曾让[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]转账人民币19285元。

证人[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]辨认出[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]签认其使用招商银行账户帮华某转账给[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]人民币19285元的转账记录。

9.被告人黄雪琴的供述和辩解,证明:2020年国庆后,华某分两次共支付美金6000元让其翻译一本名叫《革命*图》的书籍一半内容。其通过[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]交通银行账户接收过来自境外媒体及华某的几笔转账,其中来自“某传媒”的钱是稿费和一些文章编辑费,来自华某的钱是翻译《革命*图》费用。

关于黄雪琴辩护人就本案程序性事项提出的辩护意见,综合评判如下:第一,对辩护人提出公安机关存在疲劳审讯,要求排除黄雪琴所有供述的意见,经查,本案侦查机关的每次讯问均保障了两名被告人的必要休息时间,两名被告人签字捺印的笔录可以证实其真实性,且两名被告人目前对自己所实施的涉案行为并未翻供。可见,两被告人在侦查阶段的供述均系其真实意思表示,侦查机关依法收集的被告人供述可作为定案证据采纳。第二,对辩护人提出本案涉密证据定密程序违法的意见。经查,侦查机关对本案部分涉案证据进行定密,在主体、程序上均严格依照《中华人民共和国保守国家秘密法》等规定进行,并提供了相应的定密审批文件予以佐证,辩护人的意见明显理据不足。第三,针对辩护人提出《提押证》上部分提讯时间无对应讯问笔录且与讯问笔录上侦查人员的签名笔迹存在差异的意见。经查,本案现无任何证据显示侦查机关遗漏移送证明被告人罪轻或无罪的证据材料,《提押证》上部分提讯时间无对应讯问笔录并不能证明侦查行为违法,且《提押证》上侦查人员的签名系办理提押时的登记签名,目前并无相关规定该签名必须由侦查人员亲笔书写。综上,黄雪琴辩护人就此所提辩护意见均据理不足,本院不予采纳。

关于被告人黄雪琴、王建兵行为性质的认定。经查,黄雪琴、王建兵长期受境外反华敌对势力的渗透影响,多次接受“非暴力运动”反动思想培训,逐渐形成敌视和反对我国现行政治制度的反动思想,明知反华敌对势力意图通过“颜色革命”颠覆我国政权而积极参与其中,具有颠覆国家政权,推翻社会主义制度的主观故意。客观上,黄雪琴、王建兵长期采取造谣、诽谤等方式,在网络上多次发布或转发诋毁我国政府及社会主义制度的文章和言论,宣扬颠覆国家政权思想,蛊惑、煽动他人推翻我国国家政权。黄雪琴不但协助华某组织培训活动,还与王建兵一起组织、招收在校大学生及社会边缘群体,在境内开展“非暴力运动”网课培训。自2020年11月以来,黄雪琴、王建兵伙同同案人陈[REDACTED IN ORIGINAL]祥在广东省广州市海珠区新港西路149号202房,先后多次共同组织、策划开展“202分享会”,通过该活动煽动他人颠覆我国国家政权,推翻社会主义制度。综上,两被告人的行为均符合煽动颠覆国家政权罪的犯罪构成要件。黄雪琴、王建兵及其各自辩护人对两被告人行为性质的辩解与辩护意见均据理不足,本院不予采纳。

本院认为,被告人黄雪琴、王建兵以造谣、诽谤及其他方式煽动颠覆国家政权,推翻社会主义制度,其行为均已构成煽动颠覆国家政权罪。公诉机关指控的犯罪事实清楚,证据确实、充分,罪名成立。黄雪琴、王建兵与境外机构、组织、人员相勾结,实施煽动颠覆国家政权的行为,依法应从重处罚。在共同犯罪中,王建兵提供活动场地,黄雪琴提供部分后续资金,两被告人共同策划该活动主题与开展方式,积极招募特定参加人员,轮流担任主持人并主讲部分主题,在上述活动中均系组织者、领导者、积极实施者,系主犯,应按其所参与或组织、指挥的全部犯罪处罚。王建兵归案后能基本如实供述自己的罪行,并认罪认罚,依法可从轻处罚。公诉机关就王建兵提出的幅度量刑建议适当,本院予以采纳。黄雪琴、王建兵及其各自辩护人的辩护意见与上述定罪量刑认定一致的部分,本院予以采纳,对其他相左意见不予采纳。根据黄雪琴、王建兵犯罪的事实、性质、情节和对社会的危害程度,依照《中华人民共和国刑法》第一百零五条第二款、第一百零六条、第二十五条第一款、第二十六条第一、四款、第六十七条第三款、第五十五条第一款、第五十六条第一款、第四十七条、第六十四条、第一百一十三条第二款,《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》第十五条之规定,判决如下:

一、被告人黄雪琴犯煽动颠覆国家政权罪,判处有期徒刑五年,剥夺政治权利四年,并处没收个人财产人民币十万元(刑期自判决执行之日起计算。判决执行以前先行羁押的,羁押一日折抵刑期一日,即自2021年9月19日起至2026年9月18日止);

二、被告人王建兵犯煽动颠覆国家政权罪,判处有期徒刑三年六个月,剥夺政治权利三年,并处没收个人财产人民币五万元(刑期自判决执行之日起计算。判决执行以前先行羁押的,羁押一日折抵刑期一日,即自2021年9月19日起至2025年3月18日止);

三、追缴被告人黄雪琴违法所得10000菲律宾比索,予以没收;公安机关扣押被告人王建兵的人民币100000元作为供犯罪所用的本人财物予以没收;扣押黄雪琴的一台电脑、二个移动硬盘、一个U盘、一部手机与王建兵的五台电脑、二个网关路由设备、二支录音笔、三个监控摄像头、六部手机均作为作案工具予以没收;扣押王建兵的人民币4450元作为其财产刑执行对象(以上均由扣押机关代为执行)。

如不服本判决,可在接到判决书的第二日起十日内,通过本院或者直接向广东省高级人民法院提出上诉。书面上诉的,应当提交上诉状正本一份,副本二份。

审判长龚帆
审判员陈骏涛
审判员廖秋平

二0二四年六月十三日

民法場
法官助理王智
书记员吴涛
袁品珍

Translation: Huang Xuqin and Wang Jianbing Inciting Subversion Indictment

On June 14, 2024, the Twitter account "Free Huang Xueqin & Wang Jianbing 释放雪饼" (@FreeXueBing)  posted a copy of the last two pages of the court judgement in the trial of Huang Xueqin (黄雪琴)  and Wang Jianbing (王建兵): https://x.com/FreeXueBing/status/1801482149326971326. According to that document:

• Wang was found guilty of inciting subversion of state power and was sentenced to three years and six months imprisonment, three years deprivation of political rights, and confiscation of personal property in the amount of RMB 50,000.
• Huang was found guilty of inciting subversion of state power and was sentenced to five years imprisonment, four years deprivation of political rights, and confiscation of personal property in the amount of RMB 100,000.

As of the publication of this post, the remainder of the court judgment was not publicly available. It is reasonable to assume that the PRC government ordered the judgment to be censored, as it has previously done with many other court judgments involving prosecutions for political speech in recent years. For more on that see "Censorship of Court Judgments in the PRC."

People's Procuratorate of Guangzhou, Guangdong
Indictment
Su Procuratorate Criminal Indictment (2022) No. Z11

Defendant Huang Xueqin, Female, born [OBSCURED IN ORIGINAL], citizen I.D. No. [OBSCURED IN ORIGINAL], Han ethnicity, masters student education level, household registration location [OBSCURED IN ORIGINAL]. On September 20, 2021 she was taken into criminal detention by the Public Security Bureau of Guangzhou on suspicion of committing the crime of subversion of state power. On October 27 of the same year this Office authorized her arrest for the crime of inciting subversion of state power, and she was arrested by the Public Security Bureau of Guangzhou on the same day.

Defendant Wang Jianbing, male, born [OBSCURED IN ORIGINAL], citizen I.D. No. [OBSCURED IN ORIGINAL], Han ethnicity, undergraduate education, household registration location [OBSCURED IN ORIGINAL], temporarily residing at Xingang West Road 149 Room 202, Guangzhou Haizhu District. On September 20, 2021 he was taken into criminal detention by the Public Security Bureau of Guangdong on suspicion of committing the crime of subversion of state power. On October 27 of the same year this Office authorized his arrest for the crime of inciting subversion of state power, and he was arrested by the Public Security Bureau of Guangzhou on the same day.

The investigation of this case was concluded by the Public Security Bureau of Guangzhou, and defendants Huang Xueqin and Wang Jianbing were suspected of having committed the crime of inciting subversion of state power, and on March 25, 2022 it was transferred to this office for prosecution. After this Office docketed the case, on March 28, 2022 it notified the defendants of their right to retain defense counsel, and in accordance with the law the defendants were interrogated, the opinions of defense counsel were heard, and all case materials were reviewed. During this period the case was referred back to the investigating agency twice for supplemental investigation.

A review in accordance with the law ascertained:

Since 2019, on multiple occasions defendant Huang Xueqin posted inciting articles and statements on Internet platforms and social media outside the national borders that distorted and attacked our country's government, attacked and denigrated our country's political system, and advocated an ideology that subverted state power. In March 2021, while defendant Huang Xueqin was participating in a certain foreign news online meeting, she made public inciting statements that attacked and denigrated our country's State regime.

From May 2020 to February 2021, defendant Huang Xueqin was recruited by foreign organizations to participate in online training courses on "non-violent movements." Knowing that these courses contained content that incited subversion of our country's State regime, he nevertheless introduced and lured others to participate, and during the training he assisted with taking attendance and playing courseware, actively assisting in the "non-violent movement" training activities.

From December 2020 to May 2021, defendant Huang Xueqin used foreign video conferencing software to organize and offer "Ten Lessons" project training, using major domestic and foreign events, social movements, etc. as content to incite participants to be dissatisfied with our country's State regime.

After graduating from university, defendant Wang Jianbing repeatedly joined foreign online groups such as the "China Jasmine Revolution Volunteer Corps" and "June 4 Massacre Memorial Hall" with the purpose of subverting our country's State regime, and on multiple occasions posted or forwarded false statements and articles attacking our country's political system and government on foreign social media and online platforms. From May to October 2020, defendant Wang Jianbing received online course training on "Non-Violent Movements" while studying in England.

Since November 2020, defendants Wang Jianbing and Huang Xueqin, together with their co-defendant Chen Xiang (handled in a separate case), used foreign communication software to publish and compile information and regularly convene multiple people to organize gatherings at defendant Wang Jianbing's rental residence, Room 202, No. 149, Xingang West Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, and use the opportunity of discussing social topics to incite participants to be dissatisfied with our country's State regime.

On September 19, 2021, the public security agency apprehended defendants Huang Xueqin and Wang Jianbing near the rental residence of defendant Wang Jianbing.

Evidence determining the aforementioned facts is as follows:

1. Physical evidence such as cash and bank cards;
2. Documentary evidence such as household registration materials, and the process of how the defendant came into police custody;
3. Witness testimony such as [OBSCURED IN ORIGINAL];
4. Statements and justifications of defendants Huang Xueqin and Wang Jianbing;
5. Forensic opinions such as the forensic report (DNA) No. (2021) 01818) of Suihai Company;
6. Crime scene investigation, inspection, identification and other records;
7. Audio-visual materials and electronic data such as courseware and online collected data.

This Office finds defendants Huang Xueqin and Wang Jianbing disregarded the laws of the State and incited subversion of state power and the overthrow the socialist order by manufacturing rumors, defamation, and other means, and their actions constitute the commission of an offense under the provisions of Article 105(2) of the "Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China." The criminal facts are clear, the evidence is reliable and copious, and they should bear criminal liability for committing the crime of inciting subversion of state power. A public prosecution is filed in accordance with the provisions of Article 176 of the "Criminal Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China," and it is requested that sentence be passed in accordance with the law.

Respectfully submitted.

Intermediate People's Court of Guangdong

Procurator [OBSCURED BY SEAL]
Procurator's Assitant [OBSCURED BY SEAL]

March 19, 2022

 广东省广州市人民检察院
起诉书
穗检刑诉[2022]Z11号

被告人黄雪琴,女,[OBSCURED IN ORIGINAL]出生,公民身份号码[OBSCURED IN ORIGINAL]汉族,硕士研究生文化程度,户籍所在地[OBSCUREDINORIGINAL],因涉嫌颠覆国家政权罪,于2021年9月20日被广东省广州市公安局刑事拘留,同年10月27日经本院以煽动颠覆国家政权罪批准逮捕,同日被广东省广州市公安局逮捕。

被告人王建兵,男,[OBSCURED IN ORIGINAL]出生,公民身份号码[OBSCURED IN ORIGINAL],汉族,大学本科文化程度,户籍所在地[OBSCURED IN ORIGINAL],暂住地广州市海珠区新港西路149号202房。因涉嫌颠覆国家政权罪,于2021年9月20日被广东省广州市公安局刑事拘留,同年10月27日经本院以煽动颠覆国家政权罪批准逮捕,同日被广东省广州市公安局逮捕。

本案由广东省广州市公安局侦查终结,以被告人黄雪琴、王建兵涉嫌煽动颠覆国家政权罪,于2022年3月25日向本院移送起诉。本院受理后,于2022年3月28日告知被告人有权委托辩护人,依法讯问了被告人,听取了辩护人意见,审查了全部案件材料。期间,退回侦查机关补充侦查二次。

经依法审查查明:

自2019年以来,被告人黄雪琴多次在境内外网络平台、社交媒体上发布歪曲、攻击我国政府的煽动性文章和言论,攻击、诋毁我国政治制度,宣扬颠覆国家政权的思想。2021年3月,被告人黄雪琴在参加某境外新闻线上会议时,公开发表攻击、诋毁我国国家政权的煽动性言论。

2020年5月至2021年2月,被告人黄雪琴受境外组织人员纠集,参与“非暴力运动”网课培训,在明知该课程含有煽动颠覆我国国家政权内容的情况下,仍介绍,拉拢他人参加,并在培训过程中协助点名、播放课件等,积极协助开展“非暴力运动”培训活动。

2020年12月至2021年5月,被告人黄雪琴利用境外视频会议软件组织、开设“十堂课”项目培训,以境内外重大事件、社会运动等为内容,煽动参加人员对我国国家政权的不满。

被告人王建兵大学毕业后,先后加入具有颠覆我国国家政权目的的“中国地茉莉花革命志愿军团中国茉莉花革命志愿军团”“六四大屠杀纪念馆”等境外网络群组,并多次在境外社交媒体和网络平台上发布或转发攻击我国政治制度与政府的不实言论和文章。2020年5月至10月,被告人王建兵在英国学习期间接受“非暴力运动”网络课程培训。

2020年11月起,被告人王建兵、黄雪琴伙同同案人陈祥(另案处理)利用境外通联软件发布聚会信息,定期召集多人在被告人王建兵租住处广州市海珠区新港西路149号202房等地组织聚会,借讨论社会话题之机,煽动参加人员对我国国家政权的不满。

2021年9月19日,公安机关在被告人王建兵租住处附近被告人黄雪琴、王建兵抓获。

认定上述事实的证据如下:

1.现金、银行卡等物证;
2.户籍材料、到案经过等书证;
3.[OBSCURED IN ORIGINAL]等证人证言;
4.被告人黄雪琴、王建兵的供述和辩解;
5.穗海公司)鉴(DNA)字(2021)01818号鉴定书等鉴定意见;
6.勘验、检查、辨认等笔录;
7.课件、网络在线提取数据等视听资料、电子数据。

本院认为,被告人黄雪琴、王建兵无视国家法律,以造谣、诽谤及其他方式煽动颠覆国家政权,推翻社会主义制度,其行为触犯了《中华人民共和国刑法》第一百零五条第二款,犯罪事实清楚,证据确实、充分,应当以煽动颠覆国家政权罪追究刑事责任。根据《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》第一百七十六条的规定,提起公诉,请依法判处。

此致

广东省广州市中级人民法院

检察官[OBSCURED BY SEAL]
检察官助理[OBSCURED BY SEAL]

2022年3月19日

Translation: Xu Zhiyong's Statement in His Own Defense

 Source: https://chinadigitaltimes.net/chinese/694913.html

China Digital Times: On April 10, 2023, Xu Zhiyong, a well-known human rights defender, and Ding Jiaxi, a human rights lawyer, who had been detained for more than three years, were sentenced by the authorities to 14 years and 12 years, respectively, for "subversion of state power." This article is Xu Zhiyong's self-defense statement, provided to Digital Times by human rights lawyer Teng Biao.

A Statement In My Own Defense

1. The Citizens Movement

You accuse me of subverting state power. The so-called criminal facts include: advocating citizens' movements, writing "Glorious China", having exchanges on the ideology of non-violence, and holding offline gatherings of citizens. I have no intention of defending myself, because it is not your judgment that determines when we will be free and when China will be free, but Haotian's will. But dawn is approaching, and for the sake of a better future for China it is necessary to once again elaborate on the Citizen Movement.

The Citizens Movement is an action that advocates citizens conducting themselves as true citizens, taking citizens' identities, rights, and responsibilities seriously, rationally promoting national and social progress, and ultimately realizing a glorious China of democracy, rule of law, freedom, justice, and love. We should take our status as citizens seriously. We are citizens, not subjects who bow before power, nor silent ants in a reincarnation of a dynasty. Citizens are the masters of the country who regularly vote to decide which party is in power and who is in power. We take citizens' rights seriously, including the freedoms of elections, speech, association, assembly, processions, demonstrations, etc. that are written in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and also in China's Constitution. We have freedom of speech, which we cannot be arbitrarily deprived of on the grounds of sensitivity or harmfulness. We have the right to vote and we cannot be deprived of it by manipulation through indirect elections or designated candidates to suppress competition. Taking the responsibilities of citizens seriously, China is a China of the people and all citizens, not a China of any family or political party. As citizens, we pursue democracy, defend freedom, and uphold fairness and justice.

Taking democracy seriously, taking freedom seriously, taking seriously the core values you hang on the wall, and taking seriously the banner of democracy and freedom held high by people with lofty ideals and benevolence for hundreds of years. Just taking these things seriously. Is that subverting your regime?!

The Citizens Movement advocates a modern civilized public lifestyle. We believe that politics is not about seizing power and doing whatever it takes to gain power, but rather about taking up a good cause for the benefit of the public. We set up a citizen logo with the blue background of the Republic of China and Mr. Sun Yat-sen's handwriting of "citizen." We also made citizen badges, cultural shirts, umbrellas, water cups, etc. to spread the concept of citizenship. We actively participated in public affairs, promoted the abolition of detention and deportation, ran for election as National People's Congress representatives, expressed opinions and made suggestions on major public events. We were enthusiastic about public welfare, helping earthquake victims, helping primary school students in Tibetan areas, and preventing the forced relocation of the Beijing Zoo. We are public interest lawyers, independent candidates for National People's Congress representatives, members of community property committees, environmental volunteers, opinion leaders, and Chinese people who pursue freedom and love democracy. Be citizens yourself, be citizens together, serve the society, cultivate civil society, and connect the country into a community of citizens.

The goal of the Citizens Movement is a glorious China of freedom, justice, and love. Freedom is human nature and the eternal purpose of the country and society. Without hindering others, follow your heart's desires; when others are hindered, find a balance. There are no restricted areas for thought and speech, and rights and responsibilities must be commensurate with each other. Justice is the reasonable boundaries of liberty, earthly equity, and fairness, with restraints for the strong and safeguards for the weak. Everyone performs their duties, everyone does what they can, and everyone gets what they deserve.

Love is the most glorious emotion in the world. Love yourself, practice spirituality in this world, and perfect your soul; love your relatives and friends, and be grateful for the love of life; love strangers, and smile warmly to each other; love your enemies, sympathize with those who are bound up by hatred and hostility. Love all living things, the spirit of all things, love the endless world. Freedom, justice, and love are our core values, the banner of this era, and the new national spirit of China.

Being a true citizen is both a strategy and a belief. The totalitarian system is extremely insecure, so it uses modern concepts such as democracy and freedom to package itself. It is like a villain wearing a cassock. Onlookers take it seriously, and they can thus force it to accept certain rules and precepts. Being a true citizen is more than just a matter of faith. The way of the world is that all that exists under heaven belongs to the people, and my lifelong quest is to become a true citizen, enjoying the  universal rights of freedom such as freedom of speech and the right to vote. When that day comes, then my country most certainly will have changed too.

The Citizens Movement is not the name of an organization. At present, citizens' groups are not organizations. One day, when China needs them, citizens will form an organization. Not a gang-like organization of strict personal attachments, but a modern civilized political organization based on individual freedom and democratic rules. Its name is the Citizens Union.

2. Glorious China

The first draft of "Glorious China" was written in 1993, when it was called "Free China." In October 2020, I completed the final revision of the article in a detention center without pen and paper. There are 24 articles in total, divided into 3 parts. The first part has 10 articles, and the themes are the citizen rights protection movement, including the 20th century, life as a dream, in the name of citizens, etc. The second part has 9 articles, and the themes are the citizen movement, including China's path, citizen movements, non-violence, etc. The third part contains 5 articles, and the themes are the future of China, including constitutional China, good politics, glorious China, the rebirth of civilization, and my beliefs.

In the spring of 2003, we submitted a citizens' proposal to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, demanding a constitutional review of the Custody and Repatriation System. We signed the proposal with the word "citizen" in front of our names. Everyone worked together, causing a sensation in the government and the public, and the system was quickly abolished. Afterwards, a group of professional lawyers entered the public eye, using law as a weapon to defend citizens' rights and promote the process of democracy and the rule of law. In academic circles this was called the citizens' rights protection movement.

Over the past ten years, we have fought unjust cases of innocent people sentenced to death, fought for compensation for the kidney stone babies and the people enslaved to work in black brick kilns, we have exposed black jails, rescued illegally detained petitioners, and fought side-by-side with parents for the rights of tens of millions of left-behind children to go to school and take college entrance examinations. We have run for election as a deputy to the National People's Congress, promoted the improvement of the electoral system, and provided many suggestions to the National People's Congress, including abolishing reeducation through labor and changing the family planning policy. We once held high hopes that grassroots democracy would gradually advance upwards and the rule of law would gradually improve, that China could achieve a modern civilization of democracy, and that the rule of law would be achieved through gradual reforms.

In a society where the people have long been subjected, we burned our own weak light and worked hard to awaken the people to join together as citizens, for only by working together can we change China. In May 2012, we launched the New Citizens Movement, which was later renamed the Citizens Movement.

Dictatorships must fall and democracies must arise. I hope that China's constitutional civilization transformation will find its own path, and the people will pay the minimum price to reform the old economic system, grow a market economy, change the old political system, and grow a community of citizens. No matter whether the interaction between the government and the opposition completes the transformation, or the dictatorship suddenly collapses, China will not fall into turmoil, but will have a better future. This is the path for China and the original intention of the Citizens Movement.

Soviet Russia was unprepared economically and socially for its political transformation, leading to turmoil and disorder, and the return of authoritarianism. China is different. We have had a market economy for forty years and a civil society that has already taken root. China has been preparing for forty years, and we will continue to work hard to cultivate a strong and rational force of modern civilization outside of the old system. China's revolution will not follow the old path of the Soviet Union, because we citizens are here.

We know that China will have a bright future. That is a democratic China, a free China, a just China, a China full of love, a China with civilization reborn, and a China that the world admires.

3. The Rebirth of Civilization

The mission of the Chinese people is not national rejuvenation but the rebirth of civilization. National rejuvenation, as the name suggests, represents a prosperous era. What era is it? The Western Han Dynasty can be said to have been powerful, but at the same time, the Roman Empire's military, technological, and cultural influence on later generations was even more profound. The culture of the Tang Dynasty was prosperous, but at the same time the Islamic Empire emerged, and "One Thousand and One Nights" and Arabic numerals became more widely circulated. The Qin Dynasty was short-lived, the Song Dynasty's army was weak, the dynasties of the Mongol Yuan, Han Chinese, and Southern peoples are not worth recalling, and the scientific culture of the Ming and Qing Dynasties were characterized by constant decline.

For more than two thousand years, the haze of the Qin system has shrouded China. Although there was a revival in the Tang and Song Dynasties, backwardness in modern times was inevitable. The Qin system was barbaric and tyrannical, and it took the world for its own selfish interests. Its system has dominated the political landscape with dynastic reincarnation. The tree of Chinese civilization never grew, but gradually withered. Our modern ancestors introduced science and tried hard to introduce democracy, but in the end they introduced communism, and the evil fire of Marxist-Leninist fetishism has raged ever since, leaving behind this spiritual wilderness.

We are doomed to defeat if we use Western communist totalitarianism to fight against Western democracy and freedom, use Western Marxist-Leninist fetishism to fight against Western Christian civilization, and use Western dross to counter Western essence. The true self-confidence of a nation does not lie in digging up its ancestral graves in order to discover Marxist-Leninist cults, much less in the oracle bones and bamboo slips found in ancestral graveyards, nor at the craters of volcanoes where people speak uniformly, whitewash peace, and fake a prosperous age. True self-confidence is rooted in the faith and culture of our ancestors and based on the democracy and freedom of the world, where 1.4 billion people burst out with passion and vitality to create the most advanced technology, the most prosperous economy, and the most splendid culture in the world, expelling Marxism-Leninism and returning to the roots of Huaxia, a civilization reborn, a glorious China.

When the Sanxingdui Golden Mask was unearthed I saw the glory that once illuminated China, that our people had also had such a pious history, that like all major civilizations of that time sacrifice played an important role. King Tang of the Shang Dynasty opened the net on three sides, showing his virtue was universal, and boldly vowed "Where the Xia Dynasty was unjust, we who fear God dare not be unjust." That is a Huaxia with a soul, a China with faith.

Integration into the trend of modern scientific democracy caused Japanese civilization to be reborn, is causing Indian civilization to be reborn, and Chinese civilization will also be reborn. God has left this spiritual wilderness where no new civilization has grown, and we need to understand nature, ourselves, and God at a higher level. New philosophy, new religion, new technology, and new culture will dissolve the conflicts of civilizations and lead a new era of human civilization.

The root of the rebirth of Chinese civilization lies in ancient times, where there is the God Haotian, the rich spiritual world of our ancestors, and the China where spring flowers bloom. The majestic power of the rebirth of Chinese civilization is blooming in this world. If everyone is free from authoritarian oppression and everyone is free to create, China will surely regain its glory.

Staring at the eternal moonlight outside the iron window, I pray with my ancestors to Haotian. You who created the universe, galaxies, life and mankind, inspired wisdom, science, major religions, and led major civilizations. Just like your children, one of them is lost and has been alone for three thousand years. Now that you are finally coming home, you are watching our generation of Chinese sons and daughters end the long night of dictatorship with struggle and commitment, ushering in the glorious rebirth of Eastern civilization, freedom, justice, and love. A Huaxia with a soul, a China with faith.

4. Dawn is Coming

A century ago, the Qing Dynasty was overthrown and the Republic of China was established. However, the specter of autocracy was unwilling to withdraw from the stage of history. After decades of internal and external troubles, the Republic of China fell and autocracy returned.

In the name of communism, thousands of years of autocracy have returned to glory, and the cry of "long live" has choked the sky and the earth. The immature democracy, rule of law, and market economy of the Republic of China have been blown away by the rain and wind. The Chinese people, who had just stood up but were still unsteady on their feet, have once again fallen to their knees. This is a historical counter-current that shows no self-confidence, and as a result everywhere there is mendacity. In the guise of the people and under the banner of democracy and freedom, their mendacity is sustained by violence and terror. When the government was first established there was  massive suppression, and the anti-rightist movement broke the backbone of the scholars. During the Great Leap Forward, tens of millions of people starved to death. During the insanity of the Cultural Revolution Emperor Yan's mausoleum was destroyed, the tomb of Confucius was violated, and the tombs of our ancestors were dug up. In times of trouble for China, the Mongols, the Manchus, and the Japanese came, but the foreign occupiers still showed respect to Confucius and our ancestors. Only the specter of Soviet-Russian communism could destroy our Chinese culture in such an unprecedented and cruel way, with a multitude of crimes that are too numerous to describe.

The pendulum eventually swings back. The totalitarian madness gradually dissipated, and the people were able to enjoy a little sunshine of freedom, breathe a little free air, and enjoy prosperity and progress for more than thirty years. However, the specter of totalitarian ghost cannot change its nature so easily. In its death throes it puts the gears in reverse and starts backing up against current. Looking at China today, there are already “four comprehensives”:

Comprehensive Economic Crises. A totalitarian system may be able to promote economic development in the short term, but it distorts the market, depletes people's power, suppresses society, and ultimately becomes an obstacle to economic development. High oil prices, high housing prices, high taxes and fees, monopolization of the national economy and people's livelihoods, eventually these all become tools to suck out blood. People are heavily in debt and unable to consume. When the people are poor, the country is also poor. A swarm of rats steal wealth and store it abroad. They squander money and make random investments that empty out the national treasury. The stability maintenance system expands and exhausts the State's power. After the epidemic, while the world economy is booming, only China's industries are in decline and people are struggling to make ends meet. In response to the debilitating economic crisis, they have worked ever harder to suck out the blood and throw away money, and quench their thirst with poison.

Comprehensive Political Regression. In the 1980s, it was proposed that the Party and the State be separated. Now the Party must lead everything: the economy, private enterprises, primary and secondary schools, football, and the yin and yang of churches and temples. What kind of spectacle of a "prosperous age" is it when the crosses on top of churches are burned and monks are paraded out to raise the national flag. For forty years village-level democracy has not advanced but retreated. Hong Kong's century-old freedom and rule of law have been undermined. Those within the Party have invented the crime of "making indiscriminate remarks," and we can all see where that road leads. What's more, they risked universal condemnation by openly tampering with the Constitution and presumptuously and seeking to grant immortality to a corpse. Is it possible that the sons and daughters of Huaxia will tolerate this?

Comprehensive Cultural Decay. A big country with a population of 1.4 billion, yet its cultural influence is far less than that of Japan and South Korea. Confucius Institutes are running into obstacles all over the world, and the once grand Spring Festival has become dull because it lacks a soul. Layers of censorship and castration have left the Internet in a state of desolation. Movies, TV, literature, and art are bereft of any tune beyond the Main Theme. Since the Cultural Revolution, which revolutionized Chinese culture, the spiritual world of the Chinese people has been a desert. How can a Western evil spirit that digs up the graves of China's ancestors lead the rejuvenation of China?

Comprehensive Diplomatic Failure. After World War II, the Olympics have never faced such a large-scale boycott, and the Chinese have never faced such widespread discrimination. The big money along the Belt and Road has only sown but not reaped, measuring China's material resources to please the czar, becoming an enemy of democracy and freedom, in the company of tyrants and thieves. How was a majestic China brought so low?

Clearly tens of millions of people live below the international poverty line, but it is claimed we are moderately prosperous in all respects. Clearly it is nothing but a rubber stamp, but it is claimed that it is the highest authority in the country. Clearly it is a one-party dictatorship, but it is claimed we have full-process democracy. Clearly the emperor has no clothes, but it is claimed he is wearing the most magnificent new clothes in the world.

He led all the forces to restrain, and worried about the world, the six qi were not in harmony, the four seasons were not seasonal, the epidemic of the century, the floods in the Central Plains, the sky's alarm bells thundered in the mountains and rivers, and the emperor could not wake up the old man's dream. Two years ago, I wrote a letter to persuade him to quit, but now I no longer persuade him. The sun and the moon have risen, and their energy has been exhausted. God wants to destroy it, but who can stop it from going crazy?

Forces are deployed to restrain the power of the people, all in the world is confusion and worry, the natural balance has been disrupted, the four seasons are in turmoil, epidemics roil the land, floods scour the plains, but Haotian's alarm bells thundering over the mountains and rivers cannot rouse the emperor from the remnants of his old man's earthly dreams. Two years ago, I wrote a letter to persuade him to step down, but to this day he remains immune to counsel. The sun and the moon have risen, and their energy is spent. It is God's will that it be destroyed, but who can bring an end to his insanity?

5. We Citizens

Citizens, the dawn is approaching. The long night of three thousand years of autocracy began to brighten in 1840, and the darkness before the dawn of more than seventy years will finally come to an end. Communist totalitarianism is a dead end, and such retrograde behavior cannot long survive. The collapse of autocracy and the rebirth of China will represent a transition centuries in the making, and a three thousand year sea change. This is the final battle between freedom and slavery, democracy and tyranny, light and darkness. Fortunate are we who have been born at the right time to take up this great mission.

We are China's future. What kind of China we will give future generations depends on our beliefs and our actions. It breaks ones heart to witness the loss of national faith, the depression of spirit, the corruption of conscience, and the withering of culture in this land that has been polluted by dictatorships for thousands of years. A new civilization needs a cornerstone, and we citizens are that cornerstone. A new civilization needs soil, and we citizens are duty-bound to it.

It has been twenty years since I visited AIDS villages in Hubei and Henan in the summer after I was awarded my Ph.D. and embarked on that rocky road of public service. I was knocked to the ground in front of the National Bureau of Letters and Calls. I was beaten and kicked in the Youth Hotel Black Prison and in Yinan County. I was illegally detained in many places, arrested for tax evasion, imprisoned as a thief, and imprisoned in the prisons of Tianhe, Liulin, and Kenhua. Who is there that can take what he himself has in excess and offer this to the Empire? Think of Paul’s letter: I have fought the good fight, I have finished the race, I have kept the faith. Ah, what kind of generation is this? I still have the opportunity to share in the glory of the Lord.

I never feel that this world is desolate. There is a starry sky above the ruins, and Haotian's love sits atop that starry sky. I would never complain about the people. The silence before dawn is just because our singing is not loud enough. Passion burns for freedom; swords are unsheathed for the public welfare; and there is compassion for all living things because of love.

I love this world so much. I love every shy flower and every innocent bud in spring. I love freedom so much. However, in order to fight for more people's freedom and China's freedom, I have been deprived of my freedom again and again.

Born on the old course of the Yellow River in the hinterland of the Central Plains, three thousand years ago it was named China. But everywhere there is a twentieth-century name, civil rights. I love the Republic of China so deeply. Love the fleeting light of hope for our nation. I was a latecomer and spent my life fighting for civil rights. I know that the great era has begun. I hear the footsteps of history rolling in. I hear it say, go ahead and walk through this final valley of the shadow of death. Because of my faith, I carried the cross; because of my faith, I traveled through the long dark years; because of my faith, I embraced with my life the rising sun of the rebirth of Eastern civilization.

Ten years of the Citizens Movement. How many citizens are there standing up in the land of China? This nation has been on its knees for too long. We still have a long way to go. But neither should we be pessimistic. Democracy and freedom cannot be achieved only when everyone wakes up. As long as one percent of the people wake up and more than 10 million brave citizens wake up, it will be enough to change China. Do not think that the night is all-powerful, for the relentless dawn will give it no place to hide. Do not think that silence is so terrible, for one word of truth can make it fly away. Do not think that we will despair because they hold the guns, for once the consciousness of freedom awakens, the ghosts and monsters will disappear, and the guns and armor will be returned to the people. Our strength lies not in guns, but in the human heart; not in lies, but in truth; not in schemes, but in piety; not in hatred, but in love.

Remember to speak the truth. The truth is powerful. Even if there is no response at the time, the seeds of truth will surely sprout one day. If you tell the truth, you may be banned or imprisoned, but this just reflects the value of telling the truth. Speak the truth bravely, speak the truth wisely, say that I am a "citizen," say "glorious China," and say "Arise! Ye who would not be slaves." Tell the truth on the Internet, tell the truth on T-shirts, tell the truth on buses and subways, tell the truth in mountains and rivers, and tell the truth in places where Chinese people live.

Remember to observe fasting days. Observe a day of fasting every June 4th and state so publicly on the Internet. This is an irrepressible memorial that can be held on to even if freedom is lost. This is a more powerful memorial. Although the body is weak, the spirit is strong. This is a commemoration of the opening up of the future. We commemorate the sacrifices of our ancestors with small sacrifices, and build a new Chinese national spirit with our piety and humility.

Remember Citizenship Day. Citizen's Day is celebrated every Sunday, and citizens everywhere can also choose their own day. It is a day for citizens to meet, to care for the country, to exchange ideas, and to serve the community. It is a day to wear a civic badge, use a civic symbol, and spread the idea of citizenship.

Remember "Glorious China." This is the ideal struggle and responsibility of a group of citizens. There is China's future and its path. When ten million people read it carefully, democracy will come to this magical land.

Remember love. Courage is most valuable before the dawn. Courageous citizens are to be cherished. Do not malign one another on the Internet, do not speak without love, and criticize with a kind heart. We should understand each other, encourage each other, tolerate those of different organizations and religions, and support those of different social statuses and interests. Love this vast land with all its vicissitudes, long civilization, and industrious people. It is our common destiny to put an end to the long night of autocracy and usher in the glorious rebirth of Eastern civilization. We must not be blinded by hatred at any time, and we must have love in our hearts in order to have the strength to move forward with courage.

When that day comes, when the people take to the streets, the citizens with the ones who lead the way. We already have a strong community of citizens. We know how to resolve ethnic issues on the border and dissolve historical grievances. We know how to get out of the economic crisis and give our citizens confidence and hope. We know how to heal the wounds of history with truth and justice. We know the future of China: a scientific constitutional government, a rebirth of civilization, and a glorious China.

We are ready.
It’s really not appropriate for you to say that we are subverting your regime, because it is by the people that you will be subverted. Since the glory must be given to us, I accept it gracefully, and then return it to the motherland and people, to history, and ultimately to Haotian, for it is by him that all of this has been arranged.

Citizen Xu Zhiyong, April 2022




CDT 编者按：4月10日，已被关押三年多的中国知名人权捍卫者许志永和维权律师丁家喜，被当局以“颠覆国家政权罪”分别重判14年和12年。本文是许志永的自辩词，由人权律师滕彪提供给中国数字时代发表。



一、公民运动

你们指控我颠覆国家政权，所谓犯罪事实：倡导公民运动，写作《美好中国》，非暴力理念交流，公民线下聚会。我无意自辩，因为决定我们何时自由，中国何时自由的，不是你们的判决，而是昊天的意志。然黎明将至，为中国之美好未来，有必要再次阐述公民运动。

公民运动是倡导国民做真公民的行动，把公民的身份、权利、责任当真，理性地推动国家社会进步，最终实现民主、法治、自由、公义、爱的美好中国。把公民的身份当真，我们是公民，不是权力面前卑躬屈膝的臣民，不是王朝轮回中默默无声的蝼蚁。公民是国家的主人，定期以选票决定哪个党执政，谁是执政者。把公民的权利当真，选举、言论、结社、集会、游行、示威等等写在世界人权宣言、也写在中国宪法里的自由权利，我们当真。我们有言论自由，不能以敏感有害等借口肆意剥夺。我们有选举权，不能以间接选举、指定候选人压制竞争等方式操控剥夺。把公民的责任当真，中国是人民既全体公民的中国，不是哪个家族哪个政党的中国。作为公民，我们追求民主，捍卫自由，维护公平正义。

把民主当真，把自由当真，把你们挂在墙上的核心价值观当真，把百年来志士仁人高举的民主自由旗帜当真。当真而已。这就是颠覆你们的政权？！

公民运动倡导现代文明公共生活方式。我们相信，政治不是打江山坐江山、为权力私欲不择手段，而是为公众谋福利的美好事业。我们设置的公民标识，民国蓝底色，孙中山先生的手迹“公民”，并以此制作了公民徽章、文化衫、雨伞、水杯等，传播公民理念。我们积极参与公共事务，推动废除收容遣送，参选人大代表，就重大公共事件发表意见，提出建议。我们热心公益事业，救助地震灾民，帮助藏区小学生，阻止北京动物园强制搬迁。我们是公益律师，是人大代表独立候选人，是小区业委会成员，是环保志愿者，是意见领袖，是追求自由热爱民主的中国人。自己做公民，一起做公民，服务社会，培育民间社群，全国连接成为公民共同体。

公民运动的目标是自由、公义、爱的美好中国。自由是人之天性，是国家社会的永恒目的。无碍他人，随心欲，有碍他人，互平衡。思想言论无禁区，权力责任相适应。公义是自由的合理边界，是尘世间的公平正义，强有制约，弱有保障，各司其职，各尽所能，各得其所。

爱是人世间最美好的情感，爱自己，修行此世，完美灵魂；爱亲人朋友，生命之爱亦有感恩；爱陌生人，彼此温暖的微笑；爱仇敌，同情那被嗔恨敌意捆绑的灵魂；爱众生，万物之灵，爱生生不息的尘世。自由、公义、爱是我们的核心价值，是这个时代的旗帜，是华夏新民族精神。

做真公民是策略、更是信仰。极权体制极不自信，所以拿民主自由等现代理念包装自己，好比一恶徒披上了袈裟，围观者都当真了，也能迫使其接受一些清规戒律。做真公民更是信仰。大道之行，天下为公，吾毕生之所求是成为一个真正的公民，享有言论自由、选举权等普世的自由权利。等那一天到来时，我的国家也一定变了。

公民运动不是一个组织的名称，当下公民群体还不是一个组织，有一天中国需要时公民会成为一个组织，不是人身依附等级森严的黑帮式组织，而是个人自由民主规则之上的现代文明政治组织。它的名字是公民联盟。
二、美好中国

《美好中国》第一稿写于1993年，当时名为《自由中国》。2020年10月在没有纸笔的看守所完成最后一篇修订，共24篇，分3个部分，第一部分10篇，主题是公民维权运动，包括20世纪，一生为一个梦想，以公民的名义等。第二部分9篇，主题是公民运动，包括中国道路，公民运动，非暴力等。第三部分5篇，主题是未来中国，包括宪政中国，美好政治，美好中国，文明重生，我的信仰。

2003年春天，我们向全国人大常委会提出公民建议，要求对收容遣送制度进行违宪审查，建议书落款在自己的姓名前加上“公民”两个字，众人合力，朝野轰动，很快废除了收容遣送。自此一群职业法律人走进公众视野，以法律为武器，捍卫公民权利，推动民主法治进程，这被学界称为公民维权运动。

十年间，我们为无辜被判死刑的冤案奔走，为结石宝宝、黑砖窑奴工争取赔偿，围观黑监狱，救出被非法拘禁的上访者，为数千万留守儿童争取在父母身边上学、高考的权利，参选人大代表，推动选举制度的完善，给全国人大提供很多建议，包括废除劳动教养，改变计划生育政策。我们曾经期待，基层民主逐渐向上推进，法治逐渐完善，中国通过渐进改良，实现民主法治现代文明该多好。

在一个漫长的臣民社会，我们燃烧自己那么微弱的光芒，努力唤醒国民，一起做公民，一起努力才能改变中国，2012年5月，我们发起新公民运动，后来更名为公民运动。

专制必将结束，民主必将到来。我希望中国的宪政文明转型走出自己的道路，人民付出最小的代价，改革旧经济体制、长出市场经济，变革政治旧体制、长出公民共同体；无论朝野互动完成转型，还是专制突然崩溃，中国都不会陷入动荡，而是会有更美好的未来，这就是中国道路，公民运动的初心。

苏俄政治转型，经济社会都没有准备好，动荡失序，威权重来。中国不一样，我们有四十年市场经济，有初步发展的公民社会；中国准备了四十年，我们会继续努力，在旧体制外，长出强大理性的现代文明力量。中国革命不会走苏联的老路，因为我们公民在。

我们知道中国必有美好的未来。那是民主中国、自由中国，是公义中国、充满爱的中国，是文明重生的中国、世人敬仰的中国。
三、文明重生

华夏儿女的使命不是民族复兴而是文明重生，民族复兴顾名思义，再现某个兴盛时代，什么时代呢？西汉可谓强盛，但同时期罗马帝国军事、科技、文化队后世的影响更为深远。唐朝文化繁盛，但同时期伊斯兰帝国兴起，《一千零一夜》、阿拉伯数字流传更广。秦朝短命，宋朝军弱，蒙元汉人南人不堪回首，明清科技文化江河日下。

两千多年了，秦制阴霾笼罩华夏，虽有唐宋复兴，近代落后实属必然。秦制野蛮专横，以天下为私，打江山坐江山王朝轮回，中华文明之树始终没能长大，反倒渐渐枯朽。近代先辈曾引进了科学，也曾努力引进民主，可最终引进的是共产主义，马列拜物教邪火肆虐，留下这片精神荒野。

以西方的共产极权对抗西方的民主自由，以西方的马列拜物教对抗西方的基督文明，以西方之糟粕反西方之精华，焉能不败。一个民族真正的自信不是掘自家祖坟认马列为宗，不是祖先墓地的甲骨和竹简，更不是火山口上言论一律，粉饰太平，伪造盛世。真正的自信是以祖先的信仰文化为根，以当世民主自由为基，14亿人迸发激情活力创造出世界上最发达的科技，最繁荣的经济，最灿烂的文化，驱逐马列，归根华夏，文明重生，美好中国。

三星堆黄金面具重现天日，我看见了曾经照耀华夏的荣光，我们民族也曾有那样虔诚的历史，与同时期各大文明一样，祭祀扮演着重要角色。商汤网开三面，德及禽兽，于鸣条之野誓此：“夏氏有罪，予畏上帝，不敢不正。”那是有灵魂的华夏，有信仰的中国。

融入近代科学民主之潮流，日本文明得以重生，印度文明正在重生，中华文明也必将重生，上天留下这篇精神荒野未长出新文明，在更高处认识自然、认识自己、认识上帝。新哲学、新宗教、新科技、新文化消融文明之冲突，引领人类文明新时代。

中华文明重生之根，立于上古，那里有昊天上帝，有祖先丰美的精神世界，有春暖花开的中国。中华文明重生之磅礴力量，绽放今世，倘人人免于专制压迫，人人得以自由创造，华夏定会重现辉煌。

凝望铁窗外亘古月光，我同先祖祈祷昊天，你创造了宇宙星系生命和人类，启示了智慧、科学、各大宗教，引领各大文明，就像你的孩子，其中一个走失了，三千年孤独磨难，精神荒野，如今终要回家，你正注视着我们这一代华夏儿女以奋斗和担当结束专制漫漫长夜，迎来东方文明辉煌重生，自由、公义、爱，有灵魂的华夏，有信仰的中国。
四、黎明将至

一个世纪前，满清倾覆、民国初立，然专制幽灵不甘退出历史舞台。数十年内忧外患之后，民国沦陷，专制重来。

以共产之名千年专制回光返照，万岁之声呼天呛地，民国稚嫩的民主、法治、市场经济雨打风吹去。刚刚站起，脚跟未稳的中国人民又彻底跪下了。这是一股历史逆流，极不自信，所以谎言弥天。以人民为幌子，以民主自由为旗号，维系谎言则靠暴力恐怖。建政之初即大肆镇压，反右运动打断士人脊梁。大跃进，数千万人饿死。文革癫狂，毁炎帝陵，挖孔子墓，掘中华祖坟。多灾多难的华夏，蒙古人来过，满清人来过，日本人来过，异族占领者尚能尊孔敬祖。唯苏俄共产主义幽灵，毁我中华文化至惨至烈史无前例，累累罪行，罄竹难书。

物极必反。极权癫狂渐渐散去，人民得享一点自由阳光，呼吸一点自由空气，有了三十多年繁荣进步。然极权幽灵秉性难移，垂死之际，倒车声声，逆流横行。放眼今日中国，已然“四个全面”：

经济全面危机。极权体制短期内也许能促进经济发展，然扭曲市场，耗竭民力，压抑社会，最终沦为经济发展的障碍。高油价，高房价，高税费，国计民生皆被垄断，皆成吸血工具。人民负债累累，消费无力。民穷国也穷，成群硕鼠盗存财富于境外，大撒币乱投资掏空国库，维稳体制膨胀耗竭国力。疫情后，世界经济欣欣向荣之际，唯独中国百业凋敝，民不聊生。应对衰竭式经济危机，他们更卖力吸血撒币，饮鸩止渴。

政治全面倒退。1980年代曾提出党政分开，如今党要领导一切，领导经济，领导民营企业，领导中小学，领导足球，领导教堂寺庙阴阳三界。教堂顶十字架被焚烧，和尚列队升国旗，堪称“盛世”奇观。村级民主四十年不进反退，香港百年自由法治被摧残，党内发明“妄议”之罪，几近道路以目。更冒天下之大不韪公然篡改宪法，妄谋终生尸位，华夏儿女是可忍孰不可忍？

文化全面凋残。十四亿人口的大国，文化影响力远不及日韩。孔子学院全球四处碰壁，曾经最盛大的春节也因灵魂残缺索然无味。层层审查阉割，互联网上一片萧杀之气，电影、电视、文学、艺术只剩他们的主旋律一个调了。自文化大革命大革中国文化之命，国人精神世界一片荒漠。一个掘中华祖坟的西方邪灵，怎么可能领导中华复兴？

外交全面失败。二战之后，奥运从未遭遇如此大规模抵制，华人从未遭遇如此广泛歧视，一带一路大撒币只见播种不见收获，量中华之物力结沙皇之欢心，与民主自由为敌，与独夫民贼为伍，堂堂华夏何以沦落至此？

明明数千万人生活在国际贫困线之下，却宣称全面小康；明明橡皮图章都不如，却宣称国家最高权力机关；明明一党专制，却宣称全过程民主；明明皇帝没穿衣服，却宣称身着世上最华丽的新装。

率遏众力，昏忧天下，六气不和，四时不节，世纪疫情，中原洪水，昊天警钟山川雷动，惊不醒皇帝老儿江山残梦。两年前曾作劝退书，如今不复相劝。日月出矣，气数尽矣，上天欲使其灭亡，谁能阻止其疯狂？
五、我们公民

公民们，黎明将至。三千年专制漫漫长夜自1840年拉开变局序幕，最后七十多年黎明前的黑暗也将结束。共产极权是条死路，倒行逆施不会长久，专制覆灭，中华重生，是为百年变局，亦是三千年之大变局。这是自由对奴役、民主对专制、光明对黑暗最后的战斗，天降大任，吾辈生逢其时，何其幸运。

我们是中国的未来。给子孙后代一个什么样的中国，取决于我们的信仰和行动。这片千年专制毒污的土地上，国民信仰之迷失，精神之萎靡，良心之败坏，文化之凋残令人痛心不已。新文明需要基石，我们公民就是基石。新文明需要土壤，我们公民责无旁贷。

二十年了，从我博士毕业那个夏天到湖北河南看望艾滋病村，走上坎坷公益之路。在国家信访局门前被打倒在地。在青年宾馆黑监狱、在沂南县被拳脚相加。在很多个地方被非法拘禁，被以偷税的罪名逮捕，被以小偷的名义关押，作为囚犯辗转于天河监狱、柳林监狱、垦华监狱。孰能有馀以奉天下？想起保罗的信：那美好的仗我已经打过了，当跑的路我已经跑尽了，所信的道我已经守住了。这是什么世代啊，我还有机会分享主的荣耀。

从不觉得这世界荒凉。废墟之上还有星空，星空之上是昊天的爱。也从不抱怨人民，黎明前的沉默，只因我们的歌声不够嘹亮。因着自由，燃烧激情；因着公益，仗剑四方；因着爱，慈悲众生。

我那么热爱这世界。我爱这春天里每一个羞怯的花朵，每一个天真的嫩芽。我那么热爱自由。可是为了争取更多人的自由、中国的自由，我一再地被剥夺了自由。

生在中原腹地黄河故道。三千年前那里叫中国。偏偏有了一个二十世纪的名字，民权。我那么深爱民国。爱着我们民族那曾一闪而过的希望之光。我是后来者，一生为民权而奋斗。我知道大时代已拉开序幕，我听见历史的脚步滚滚而来，听见它说，去吧，行过这最后的死荫幽谷。因着信仰，我背负起十字架；因着信仰，我穿越漫长的幽暗岁月；因着信仰，我以生命拥抱东方文明重生的朝阳。

十年了，公民运动。中华大地有多少站立的公民？这个民族跪得太久了。我们任重道远。但也不悲观。不是每个人觉醒才有民主自由，只要百分之一的国民觉醒，一千多万勇敢的公民就够了，足以改变中国。不要以为黑夜有多强大，不可遏止的黎明使它无处遁形。不要以为寂静有多可怕，一句真话使它魂飞魄散。不要以为他们有枪炮我们就绝望，一旦自由意识觉醒鬼魅魍魉烟消云散，枪炮铁甲回归人民。我们的力量，不是枪，是人心；不是谎言，是真相；不是计谋，是虔诚；不是仇恨，是爱。

记住说真话。真话是有力量的，即便当时没有回响，真相的种子埋下，定会在某个时刻发芽。说真话可能被封号被拘禁，这恰恰体现了真话的价值。勇敢的说真话，智慧的说真话，说我是“公民”，说“美好中国”，说“起来，不愿做奴隶的人们”。在互联网上说真话，在文化衫上说真话，在公交地铁里说真话，在山川大地河流说真话，在中国人的地方说真话。

记住禁食日。每年六月四日禁食一天，并在互联网上公开表达。这是不可遏止的纪念，即便失去自由依然可以坚持。这是更有力量的纪念，身体虽虚弱，精神更强大。这是开放未来的纪念，我们以小小的牺牲纪念先辈的牺牲，用我们的虔诚和谦卑筑起华夏新民族精神。

记住公民日。每周日为公民日，各地公民也可以选定自己的日子。这天公民聚会，关心国家，交流理念，服务社会。这一天配戴公民徽章、使用公民标识、传播公民理念。

记住《美好中国》。这是一群公民的理想奋斗和担当。那里有中国的未来，有道路。当一千万国民认真读了它，民主就会降临这神奇的土地。

记住爱。黎明之前，勇气最可贵。勇敢的公民都值得珍惜。不在互联网上恶意攻击，无爱不言，批评时亦心怀善念。激烈的温和的相互理解，先行者后来者相互鼓励，不同组织不同宗教相互包容，不同社会地位不同利益诉求相互支持。爱这辽阔的沧桑的土地，悠久的文明，勤劳的人民。结束专制漫漫长夜，迎来东方文明辉煌重生，是我们共同的天命。任何时候不被仇恨蒙蔽心灵，心中满满的爱才有力量勇毅前行。

当那天到来时，人民走上街头，公民是方向引领者。我们已有强大的公民共同体。我们知道怎样化解边疆民族问题消融历史的仇怨。我们知道怎样走出经济危机给国民以信心和希望。我们知道怎样抚平历史的创伤，有真相有正义。我们知道中国的未来，科学宪政，文明重生，美好中国。我们已经准备好了。

你们说我们颠覆你们的政权实在不敢当。因为将要颠覆你们的，是人民。既然非要把荣耀归于我们，我从容接受，然后把它还给祖国和人民，还给历史，最终归于昊天，因为他，安排了这一切。

公民许志永，2022年4月